National Weather ServiceLe National Weather Service (NWS ; « Service météorologique national ») est le service météorologique des États-Unis. C'est un des six services scientifiques qui composent le National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), l'agence gouvernementale chargée de la recherche et la surveillance de l'atmosphère et des océans sur tout le territoire américain. Le NWS est plus spécifiquement chargé de la recherche sur les phénomènes atmosphériques, la prévision du temps, les études climatologiques et hydrologiques.
Tornado warningA tornado warning (SAME code: TOR) is a public warning that is issued to an area in the direct path of a tornado or a thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado. They are issued by weather forecasting agencies in some countries when an actual tornado or signs of a developing tornado, such as a funnel cloud or wall cloud, are reported by weather spotters, the public, or detected by weather radar.
Cyclogénèsevignette|upright=2|Collage des différentes étapes dans la cyclogénèse d'une dépression des latitudes moyennes. La cyclogénèse ou cyclogenèse est le développement ou l'intensification d'une circulation cyclonique dans l'atmosphère qui mène à la formation d'une dépression (météorologie). Son opposé est la cyclolyse et son équivalent pour la formation d'anticyclones est l'anticyclogénèse.
AssuranceUne assurance est un service qui fournit une prestation lors de la survenance d'un événement incertain et aléatoire souvent appelé « risque ». La prestation, généralement financière, peut être destinée à un individu, une association ou une entreprise, en échange de la perception d'une cotisation ou prime. Par extension, l'assurance est le secteur économique qui regroupe les activités de conception, de production et de commercialisation de ce type de service.
Atmospheric instabilityAtmospheric instability is a condition where the Earth's atmosphere is considered to be unstable and as a result local weather is highly variable through distance and time. Atmospheric stability is a measure of the atmosphere's tendency to discourage vertical motion, and vertical motion is directly correlated to different types of weather systems and their severity. In unstable conditions, a lifted thing, such as a parcel of air will be warmer than the surrounding air. Because it is warmer, it is less dense and is prone to further ascent.
Storm spottingStorm spotting is a form of weather spotting in which observers watch for the approach of severe weather, monitor its development and progression, and actively relay their findings to local authorities. Storm spotting developed in the United States during the early 1940s. A joint project between the military and the weather bureau saw the deployment of trained military and aviation lightning spotters in areas where ammunitions for the war were manufactured.
Inflow (meteorology)Inflow is the flow of a fluid into a large collection of that fluid. Within meteorology, inflow normally refers to the influx of warmth and moisture from air within the Earth's atmosphere into storm systems. Extratropical cyclones are fed by inflow focused along their cold front and warm fronts. Tropical cyclones require a large inflow of warmth and moisture from warm oceans in order to develop significantly, mainly within the lowest of the atmosphere.
Guerre froideLa guerre froide (en anglais Cold War ; en russe Холодная война, Kholodnaïa voïna) est le nom donné à la période de fortes tensions géopolitiques durant la seconde moitié du , entre d'une part les États-Unis et leurs alliés constitutifs du bloc de l'Ouest et d'autre part l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS) et ses États satellites formant le bloc de l'Est. La guerre froide s'installe progressivement à partir de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale dans les années 1945 à 1947 et dure jusqu'à la chute des régimes communistes en Europe en 1989, rapidement suivie de la dislocation de l'URSS en .
Lapse rateThe lapse rate is the rate at which an atmospheric variable, normally temperature in Earth's atmosphere, falls with altitude. Lapse rate arises from the word lapse, in the sense of a gradual fall. In dry air, the adiabatic lapse rate is 9.8 °C/km (5.4 °F per 1,000 ft). At Saturated Air Lapse Rate (SALR), where value is 1.1 °C/1000ft - 2.8 °C/1000ft as obtained from ICAO. It corresponds to the vertical component of the spatial gradient of temperature.
Insurance fraudInsurance fraud is any act committed to defraud an insurance process. It occurs when a claimant attempts to obtain some benefit or advantage they are not entitled to, or when an insurer knowingly denies some benefit that is due. According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, the most common schemes include premium diversion, fee churning, asset diversion, and workers compensation fraud. Perpetrators in the schemes can be insurance company employees or claimants.
