Bilayer grapheneBilayer graphene is a material consisting of two layers of graphene. One of the first reports of bilayer graphene was in the seminal 2004 Science paper by Geim and colleagues, in which they described devices "which contained just one, two, or three atomic layers" Bilayer graphene can exist in the AB, or Bernal-stacked form, where half of the atoms lie directly over the center of a hexagon in the lower graphene sheet, and half of the atoms lie over an atom, or, less commonly, in the AA form, in which the layers are exactly aligned.
Photosynthèse artificielleLa photosynthèse artificielle est un procédé chimique qui imite la photosynthèse naturelle des plantes afin de transformer l'énergie solaire en énergie chimique. Photosynthèse La photosynthèse existe chez les végétaux chlorophylliens et chez certaines bactéries (cyanophycées). Elle consiste en une suite de réactions biochimiques provoquées par la lumière, le type d'énergie faisant réagir des molécules minérales simples (CO2, H2O...). Ces réactions entraînent la production de molécules organiques glucidiques de masse molaire relativement faible.
ValleytronicsValleytronics (from valley and electronics) is an experimental area in semiconductors that exploits local extrema ("valleys") in the electronic band structure. Certain semiconductors have multiple "valleys" in the electronic band structure of the first Brillouin zone, and are known as multivalley semiconductors. Valleytronics is the technology of control over the valley degree of freedom, a local maximum/minimum on the valence/conduction band, of such multivalley semiconductors. The term was coined in analogy to spintronics.