Quantum channelIn quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel which can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An example of quantum information is the state of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet. More formally, quantum channels are completely positive (CP) trace-preserving maps between spaces of operators. In other words, a quantum channel is just a quantum operation viewed not merely as the reduced dynamics of a system but as a pipeline intended to carry quantum information.
Information quantiqueLa théorie de l'information quantique, parfois abrégée simplement en information quantique, est un développement de la théorie de l'information de Claude Shannon exploitant les propriétés de la mécanique quantique, notamment le principe de superposition ou encore l'intrication. L'unité qui est utilisée pour quantifier l'information quantique est le qubit, par analogie avec le bit d'information classique.
NubilitéLa désigne l'état d'une personne en âge de se marier et, par métonymie, peut aussi être un synonyme de puberté. L'âge nubile dépend du pays considéré et il peut être différent pour les filles et les garçons. Il peut différer de la majorité matrimoniale qui désigne l'âge où un individu peut se marier sans l'accord de ses parents ou tuteurs légaux.
Preadditive categoryIn mathematics, specifically in , a preadditive category is another name for an Ab-category, i.e., a that is over the , Ab. That is, an Ab-category C is a such that every hom-set Hom(A,B) in C has the structure of an abelian group, and composition of morphisms is bilinear, in the sense that composition of morphisms distributes over the group operation. In formulas: and where + is the group operation. Some authors have used the term additive category for preadditive categories, but here we follow the current trend of reserving this term for certain special preadditive categories (see below).
S-expressionUne S-expression (ou expression symbolique) est une convention pour la représentation de données ou d'expressions d'un programme sous forme textuelle. Les S-expressions sont utilisées dans la famille de langages Lisp, incluant Scheme et , ainsi que comme métalangage dans des protocoles de communication tels IMAP ou le langage CBCL (Common Business Communication Language) de John McCarthy.
Distortion risk measureIn financial mathematics and economics, a distortion risk measure is a type of risk measure which is related to the cumulative distribution function of the return of a financial portfolio. The function associated with the distortion function is a distortion risk measure if for any random variable of gains (where is the Lp space) then where is the cumulative distribution function for and is the dual distortion function . If almost surely then is given by the Choquet integral, i.e.
Asynchronous serial communicationAsynchronous serial communication is a form of serial communication in which the communicating endpoints' interfaces are not continuously synchronized by a common clock signal. Instead of a common synchronization signal, the data stream contains synchronization information in form of start and stop signals, before and after each unit of transmission, respectively. The start signal prepares the receiver for arrival of data and the stop signal resets its state to enable triggering of a new sequence.
CorecursionIn computer science, corecursion is a type of operation that is to recursion. Whereas recursion works analytically, starting on data further from a base case and breaking it down into smaller data and repeating until one reaches a base case, corecursion works synthetically, starting from a base case and building it up, iteratively producing data further removed from a base case. Put simply, corecursive algorithms use the data that they themselves produce, bit by bit, as they become available, and needed, to produce further bits of data.
Patch (informatique)Un patch ou correctif, est une section de code que l'on ajoute à un logiciel, pour y apporter des modifications : correction d'un bug, traduction, crack. Les termes recommandés en France par la DGLFLF sont « retouche » ou « correctif ». Au Canada, le terme recommandé par l'OQLF est « correctif », le mot « rustine » étant également accepté. L'origine de l'expression provient de l'utilisation des rubans perforés sur lesquels on ajoutait une rustine pour corriger un bug (voir figure).
Comma categoryIn mathematics, a comma category (a special case being a slice category) is a construction in . It provides another way of looking at morphisms: instead of simply relating objects of a to one another, morphisms become objects in their own right. This notion was introduced in 1963 by F. W. Lawvere (Lawvere, 1963 p. 36), although the technique did not become generally known until many years later. Several mathematical concepts can be treated as comma categories. Comma categories also guarantee the existence of some s and colimits.
