Network medicineNetwork medicine is the application of network science towards identifying, preventing, and treating diseases. This field focuses on using network topology and network dynamics towards identifying diseases and developing medical drugs. Biological networks, such as protein-protein interactions and metabolic pathways, are utilized by network medicine. Disease networks, which map relationships between diseases and biological factors, also play an important role in the field.
Knock-out (génétique)vignette|La souris de gauche a un gène de croissance des poils bloqué, tandis que la souris de droite est une souris normale. En biologie moléculaire, le knock-out (knockout ou KO), en français « invalidation génique », est l'inactivation totale d'un gène. Ce terme fut initialement utilisé pour décrire la création de souris transgéniques chez qui un gène est invalidé par recombinaison homologue : les souris knock-out. Depuis, il est principalement utilisé chez les espèces modèles mammifères telles que la souris, le rat ou les lignées cellulaires humaines.
Network of practiceNetwork of practice (often abbreviated as NoP) is a concept originated by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid. This concept, related to the work on communities of practice by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger, refers to the overall set of various types of informal, emergent social networks that facilitate information exchange between individuals with practice-related goals. In other words, networks of practice range from communities of practice, where learning occurs, to electronic networks of practice (often referred to as virtual or electronic communities).
