Stereoscopic acuityStereoscopic acuity, also stereoacuity, is the smallest detectable depth difference that can be seen in binocular vision. Stereoacuity is most simply explained by considering one of its earliest test, a two-peg device, named Howard-Dolman test after its inventors: The observer is shown a black peg at a distance of 6m (=20 feet). A second peg, below it, can be moved back and forth until it is just detectably nearer than the fixed one. Stereoacuity is defined as the minimum angle detectable, calculated as the difference between the angles subtended by both positions, A and B.
Chirurgie réfractiveLa chirurgie réfractive comprend les interventions qui ont pour objet de corriger l’amétropie, à l’aide d’un appareil ou dispositif médical, tel le laser ou l’ (lentilles intra-oculaires), ou d’instruments chirurgicaux.
Cataract surgeryCataract surgery, which is also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens (also called the "crystalline lens") of the human eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. The eye's natural lens is usually replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Over time, metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibres lead to the development of a cataract, causing impairment or loss of vision. Some infants are born with congenital cataracts, and environmental factors may lead to cataract formation.
Visual field testA visual field test is an eye examination that can detect dysfunction in central and peripheral vision which may be caused by various medical conditions such as glaucoma, stroke, pituitary disease, brain tumours or other neurological deficits. Visual field testing can be performed clinically by keeping the subject's gaze fixed while presenting objects at various places within their visual field. Simple manual equipment can be used such as in the tangent screen test or the Amsler grid.
Infant visual developmentInfant vision concerns the development of visual ability in human infants from birth through the first years of life. The aspects of human vision which develop following birth include visual acuity, tracking, color perception, depth perception, and object recognition. Unlike many other sensory systems, the human visual system – components from the eye to neural circuits – develops largely after birth, especially in the first few years of life. At birth, visual structures are fully present yet immature in their potentials.
Ocular tonometryTonometry is the procedure eye care professionals perform to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye. It is an important test in the evaluation of patients at risk from glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), with the normal eye pressure range between . In applanation tonometry the intraocular pressure (IOP) is inferred from the force required to flatten (applanate) a constant area of the cornea, for the Imbert-Fick law.
Test de visionUn examen de la vue est une série de tests effectués pour évaluer l'acuité visuelle et la capacité de mise au point. Il comprend également d'autres tests et examens relatifs aux yeux. Les examens de la vue sont principalement effectués par un optométriste, un ophtalmologiste, un orthoptiste ou un opticien. Les professionnels de la santé recommandent souvent de subir des examens oculaires périodiques et approfondis dans le cadre des soins primaires de routine, d'autant plus que de nombreuses maladies oculaires sont asymptomatiques.
Chambre antérieure de l'œilvignette|Schéma anatomique de l'œil humain. La chambre antérieure de l'œil est l'espace entre l'iris et la surface la plus interne de la cornée, l'endothélium. Elle est remplie d'humeur aqueuse. L'hyphéma et le glaucome sont deux des principales pathologies qui lui sont associées. En cas d'hyphéma, le sang remplit la chambre antérieure, pour un glaucome, le blocage du canal de Schlemm empêche l'écoulement normal de l'humeur aqueuse, ce qui entraîne une accumulation de liquide, l'augmentation de la pression intraoculaire, et finalement la cécité.
Chirurgie oculaireLa chirurgie de l’œil, également connue sous le nom de chirurgie ophtalmologique ou chirurgie oculaire, est la chirurgie exécutée sur l'œil et ses annexes, généralement par un ophtalmologue. Bien que la plupart des interventions chirurgicales sur l'œil puissent être exécutés par n’importe quel ophtalmologue expérimenté, les procédures les plus complexes sont habituellement données à des médecins qualifiés et reconnus. L'œil est un organe sensible, qui requiert des soins extrêmement exigeants avant, pendant et après l’opération chirurgicale.
Corneal pachymetryCorneal pachymetry is the process of measuring the thickness of the cornea. A pachymeter is a medical device used to measure the thickness of the eye's cornea. It is used to perform corneal pachymetry prior to refractive surgery, for Keratoconus screening, LRI surgery and is useful in screening for patients suspected of developing glaucoma among other uses. It can be done using either ultrasonic or optical methods .
