Chiral anomalyIn theoretical physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current. In everyday terms, it is equivalent to a sealed box that contained equal numbers of left and right-handed bolts, but when opened was found to have more left than right, or vice versa. Such events are expected to be prohibited according to classical conservation laws, but it is known there must be ways they can be broken, because we have evidence of charge–parity non-conservation ("CP violation").
Spin angular momentum of lightThe spin angular momentum of light (SAM) is the component of angular momentum of light that is associated with the quantum spin and the rotation between the polarization degrees of freedom of the photon. Spin is the fundamental property that distinguishes the two types of elementary particles: fermions with half-integer spins and bosons with integer spins. Photons, which are the quanta of light, have been long recognized as spin-1 gauge bosons. The polarization of the light is commonly accepted as its “intrinsic” spin degree of freedom.
Aroma compoundAn aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance or flavoring, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. For an individual chemical or class of chemical compounds to impart a smell or fragrance, it must be sufficiently volatile for transmission via the air to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose. As examples, various fragrant fruits have diverse aroma compounds, particularly strawberries which are commercially cultivated to have appealing aromas, and contain several hundred aroma compounds.
Principe de complémentaritéEn physique, le principe de complémentarité formulé par Niels Bohr en 1927 est un énoncé relevant de l'interprétation de la mécanique quantique qui vise à expliquer la dualité onde-corpuscule et le principe d'indétermination de Werner Heisenberg. Il consiste à dire que les comportements corpusculaires et ondulatoires qui cohabitent dans les phénomènes quantiques, ainsi que les paires de propriétés incompatibles de par le principe d'indétermination sont en fait des aspects complémentaires d'une même réalité.
