Publication

Regulation of organohalide respiration

Résumé

Organohalide respiration (OHR) is an anaerobic metabolism by which bacteria conserve energy with the use of halogenated compounds as terminal electron acceptors. Genes involved in OHR are organized in reductive dehalogenase (rdh) gene clusters and can be found in relatively high copy numbers in the genomes of organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB). The minimal rdh gene set is composed by rdhA and rdhB, encoding the catalytic enzyme involved in reductive dehalogenation and its putative membrane anchor, respectively. In this chapter, we present the major findings concerning the regulatory strategies developed by OHRB to control the expression of the rdh gene clusters. The first section focuses on the description of regulation patterns obtained from targeted transcriptional analyses, and from transcriptomic and proteomic studies, while the second section offers a detailed overview of the biochemically characterized OHR regulatory proteins identified so far. Depending on OHRB, transcriptional regulators belonging to three different protein families are found in the direct vicinity of rdh gene clusters, suggesting that they activate the transcription of their cognate gene cluster. In this chapter, strong emphasis was laid on the family of CRP/FNR-type RdhK regulators which belong to members of the genera Dehalobacter and Desulfitobacterium. Whereas only chlorophenols have been identified as effectors for RdhK regulators, the protein sequence diversity suggests a broader organohalide spectrum. Thus, effector identification of new regulators offers a promising alternative to elucidate the substrates of yet uncharacterized reductive dehalogenases. Future work investigating the possible cross-talk between OHR regulators and their possible use as biosensors is discussed.

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Concepts associés (33)
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe's ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.
Anaérobie
thumb|upright=1.25|Schéma présentant la corrosion dans des conditions anaérobies provoquées par des bactéries du genre Desulfovibrio. Un anaérobie ou organisme anaérobie est tout organisme dont le métabolisme redox ne dépend pas du dioxygène. Anaérobie signifie « vivant, actif, survenant ou existant en l'absence du dioxygène », par opposition à aérobie qui signifie « vivant, actif ou se produisant uniquement en présence de dioxygène ». Cela ne signifie pas que l'oxygène est absent des réactions chimiques.
Respiration anaérobie
La respiration anaérobie est un mécanisme dans lequel des électrons passent sur une chaîne de transporteurs dont l'accepteur final est une substance minérale autre que le dioxygène, contrairement à une respiration aérobie où l'accepteur final est du dioxygène. Certaines bactéries sont capables, en anaérobiose, de réduire les nitrates en nitrites puis, suivant les cas (par exemple Pseudomonas) en diazote (avec l'enzyme nitrate ). Cette chaîne respiratoire est plus courte que la chaîne respiratoire classique en aérobiose.
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