Quantum spin liquidIn condensed matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids (QSL) are generally characterized by their long-range quantum entanglement, fractionalized excitations, and absence of ordinary magnetic order. The quantum spin liquid state was first proposed by physicist Phil Anderson in 1973 as the ground state for a system of spins on a triangular lattice that interact antiferromagnetically with their nearest neighbors, i.
Atomeredresse=1.25|vignette|Représentation d'un atome d' avec, apparaissant rosé au centre, le noyau atomique et, en dégradé de gris tout autour, le nuage électronique. Le noyau d', agrandi à droite, est formé de deux protons et de deux neutrons. redresse=1.25|vignette|Atomes de carbone à la surface de graphite observés par microscope à effet tunnel. Un atome est la plus petite partie d'un corps simple pouvant se combiner chimiquement avec un autre. Les atomes sont les constituants élémentaires de toutes les substances solides, liquides ou gazeuses.
Buddhist atomismBuddhist atomism is a school of atomistic Buddhist philosophy that flourished on the Indian subcontinent during two major periods. During the first phase, which began to develop prior to the 6th century CE, Buddhist atomism had a very qualitative, Aristotelian-style atomic theory. This form of atomism identifies four kinds of atoms, corresponding to the standard elements. Each of these elements has a specific property, such as solidity or motion, and performs a specific function in mixtures, such as providing support or causing growth.
