QCD matterQuark matter or QCD matter (quantum chromodynamic) refers to any of a number of hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons, of which the prominent example is quark-gluon plasma. Several series of conferences in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were devoted to this topic. Quarks are liberated into quark matter at extremely high temperatures and/or densities, and some of them are still only theoretical as they require conditions so extreme that they cannot be produced in any laboratory, especially not at equilibrium conditions.
Étoile variableEn astronomie, une étoile variable ou, par ellipse, une variable est une étoile dont l'éclat varie au cours de périodes plus ou moins longues (on parle à ce titre de variabilité stellaire). Alors que la plupart des étoiles sont de luminosité presque constante, comme le Soleil qui ne possède pratiquement pas de variation mesurable (environ 0,1 % sur un cycle de 11 ans), la luminosité de certaines étoiles varie de façon perceptible pendant des périodes de temps beaucoup plus courtes.
Superbolide de TcheliabinskLe superbolide de Tcheliabinsk, plus communément appelé météore de Tcheliabinsk, est un météore ou bolide qui a été observé dans le ciel du sud de l’Oural, au-dessus de l’oblast de Tcheliabinsk, le matin du à environ locales ( UTC). D’un diamètre de et d’une masse estimée à , le bolide s’est fragmenté dans l’atmosphère, entre d’altitude.
Meteor air burstA meteor air burst is a type of air burst in which a meteor explodes after entering a planetary body's atmosphere. This fate leads them to be called fireballs or bolides, with the brightest air bursts known as superbolides. Such meteoroids were originally asteroids and comets of a few to several tens of meters in diameter. This separates them from the much smaller and far more common "shooting stars", that usually burn up quickly upon atmospheric entry. The most powerful meteor air burst in the modern era was the 1908 Tunguska event.
