Calcul stochastiqueLe calcul est l’étude des phénomènes aléatoires dépendant du temps. À ce titre, c'est une extension de la théorie des probabilités. Ne pas confondre avec la technique des calculateurs stochastiques. Le domaine d’application du calcul stochastique comprend la mécanique quantique, le traitement du signal, la chimie, les mathématiques financières, la météorologie et même la musique. Un processus aléatoire est une famille de variables aléatoires indexée par un sous-ensemble de ou , souvent assimilé au temps (voir aussi Processus stochastique).
UncertaintyUncertainty refers to epistemic situations involving imperfect or unknown information. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown. Uncertainty arises in partially observable or stochastic environments, as well as due to ignorance, indolence, or both. It arises in any number of fields, including insurance, philosophy, physics, statistics, economics, finance, medicine, psychology, sociology, engineering, metrology, meteorology, ecology and information science.
Uncertainty quantificationUncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known. An example would be to predict the acceleration of a human body in a head-on crash with another car: even if the speed was exactly known, small differences in the manufacturing of individual cars, how tightly every bolt has been tightened, etc.
