Preclinical developmentIn drug development, preclinical development, also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals. The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.
Masse atomiqueLa masse atomique relative (ou poids atomique) est la masse d'un atome en particulier ou d'un élément chimique en général (auquel cas on envisage un mélange isotopique) exprimée en tant que multiple d'une masse élémentaire de référence qui se veut proche de celle d'un nucléon unique. En effet, la masse d'un atome est proportionnelle en première approximation au nombre de ses nucléons (protons et neutrons ensemble), dit nombre de masse.
Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell cultureStable Isotope Labeling by/with Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) is a technique based on mass spectrometry that detects differences in protein abundance among samples using non-radioactive isotopic labeling. It is a popular method for quantitative proteomics. Two populations of cells are cultivated in cell culture. One of the cell populations is fed with growth medium containing normal amino acids. In contrast, the second population is fed with growth medium containing amino acids labeled with stable (non-radioactive) heavy isotopes.
ProteogenomicsProteogenomics is a field of biological research that utilizes a combination of proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics to aid in the discovery and identification of peptides. Proteogenomics is used to identify new peptides by comparing MS/MS spectra against a protein database that has been derived from genomic and transcriptomic information. Proteogenomics often refers to studies that use proteomic information, often derived from mass spectrometry, to improve gene annotations.