Basal ganglia diseaseBasal ganglia disease is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to properly prime upper motor neuron circuits to initiate motor function. Research indicates that increased output of the basal ganglia inhibits thalamocortical projection neurons. Proper activation or deactivation of these neurons is an integral component for proper movement.
Anterograde tracingIn neuroscience, anterograde tracing is a research method that is used to trace axonal projections from their source (the cell body, or soma) to their point of termination (the synapse). A hallmark of anterograde tracing is the labeling of the presynaptic and the postsynaptic neuron(s). The crossing of the synaptic cleft is a vital difference between the anterograde tracers and the dye fillers used for morphological reconstruction. The complementary technique is retrograde tracing, which is used to trace neural connections from their termination to their source (i.
Péricaryonvignette|Le cytoplasme est le liquide dans lequel baigne le noyau de la cellule (ici une cellule de neurone). Le péricaryon, aussi appelé soma, est le cytoplasme du corps cellulaire du neurone. Le mot signifie en grec « autour du noyau ». Depuis le corps cellulaire du neurone émergent les autres structures morphologiques caractéristiques des neurones : les dendrites et l'axone. Le péricaryon peut avoir, selon le type de cellule nerveuse, différentes formes, qui ont souvent donné leur nom aux catégories de neurones.
Cellule neurosécrétoire magnocellulaireLes cellules magnocellulaires neurosécrétrices sont de larges cellules neurosécrétrices contenues dans les noyaux supraoptiques et dans les noyaux paraventriculaires de l'hypothalamus. On les trouve aussi en plus petites quantité dans des groupes cellulaires accessoires entre ces deux noyaux, le plus grand étant le noyau circulaire. On référence deux types de cellules magnocellulaires neurosécrétrices : les cellules sécrétrices d'ocytocine et les cellules sécrétrices de vasopressine, en outre, un nombre réduit de cellules ont la capacité de produire ces deux hormones.
Spontaneous recoverySpontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory that was first named and described by Ivan Pavlov in his studies of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. In that context, it refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay. Such a recovery of "lost" behaviors can be observed within a variety of domains, and the recovery of lost human memories is often of particular interest. For a mathematical model for spontaneous recovery see Further Reading.
