Fuel efficiencyFuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated as a continuous . Non-transportation applications, such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process.
CholestaseEn médecine, la cholestase, aussi parfois appelée cholostase, est une diminution de la sécrétion biliaire pouvant provoquer un ictère (jaunisse). On distingue les cholestases obstructives qui traduisent un obstacle intrahépatique ou extrahépatique à l'évacuation de la bile, et les cholestases métaboliques qui traduisent un dysfonctionnement de la sécrétion biliaire qui peut être génétique ou dû à un médicament. Les causes sont virales, toxiques ou génétiques. Les cholestases intrahépatiques sont liées à une atteinte des hépatocytes.
Energy transformationEnergy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat. In addition to being converted, according to the law of conservation of energy, energy is transferable to a different location or object, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
