Renewable fuelsRenewable Fuels are fuels produced from renewable resources. Examples include: biofuels (e.g. Vegetable oil used as fuel, ethanol, methanol from clean energy and carbon dioxide or biomass, and biodiesel), Hydrogen fuel (when produced with renewable processes), and fully synthetic fuel (also known as electrofuel) produced from ambient carbon dioxide and water. This is in contrast to non-renewable fuels such as natural gas, LPG (propane), petroleum and other fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
Transition énergétiqueLa transition énergétique désigne à la fois l'évolution passée de la répartition des énergies consommées sur la planète (bois, hydroélectricité, charbon, pétrole, gaz naturel, nucléaire, etc.) et, pour l'avenir, l'objectif politique et technique d'une modification structurelle profonde des modes de production et de consommation de l'énergie. C'est l'un des volets de la transition écologique.
Rendement (physique)En physique, le rendement est défini comme une grandeur sans dimension qui caractérise l'efficacité d'une transformation, physique ou chimique. En physique, la grandeur caractérise généralement la conversion d'une forme d'énergie en une autre. Pour un système réalisant une conversion d'énergie (transformateur, moteur, pompe à chaleur), le rendement est défini par certains auteurs comme étant le rapport entre l'énergie recueillie en sortie et l'énergie fournie en entrée, qui confond alors les termes d'efficacité thermodynamique et de rendement thermodynamique.
Allocative efficiencyAllocative efficiency is a state of the economy in which production is aligned with consumer preferences; in particular, the set of outputs is chosen so as to maximize the wellbeing of society. This is achieved if every good or service is produced up until the last unit provides a marginal benefit to consumers equal to the marginal cost of production. In economics, allocative efficiency entails production at the point on the production possibilities frontier that is optimal for society.
Optimum de ParetoUn optimum de Pareto est une allocation des ressources sans alternative, c'est-à-dire que tous les agents économiques sont dans une situation telle qu'il est impossible d'améliorer le sort de l'un d'entre eux sans réduire la satisfaction d'un autre. Concept majeur de la microéconomie, il porte le nom de l'économiste italien Vilfredo Pareto, qui l'a utilisé pour décrire un état de la société dans lequel on ne peut pas améliorer le bien-être d’un individu sans détériorer celui d’un autre.
Fuel efficiencyFuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated as a continuous . Non-transportation applications, such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process.
Energy industryThe energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.
Electrical efficiencyThe efficiency of a system in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed (a fractional expression), typically denoted by the Greek small letter eta (η – ήτα). If energy output and input are expressed in the same units, efficiency is a dimensionless number. Where it is not customary or convenient to represent input and output energy in the same units, efficiency-like quantities have units associated with them.
