Reversible process (thermodynamics)In thermodynamics, a reversible process is a process, involving a system and its surroundings, whose direction can be reversed by infinitesimal changes in some properties of the surroundings, such as pressure or temperature. Throughout an entire reversible process, the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, both physical and chemical, and nearly in pressure and temperature equilibrium with its surroundings. This prevents unbalanced forces and acceleration of moving system boundaries, which in turn avoids friction and other dissipation.
Prohibition des droguesLa prohibition des drogues est un principe d'interdiction sur la production, le commerce et l'usage de psychotropes qui peut être édictée par la loi, la morale ou la religion. La libéralisation des drogues est la politique opposée à la prohibition. Au niveau international, cette politique a été mise en place par diverses conventions de l'ONU (Convention unique sur les stupéfiants de 1961, Convention sur les substances psychotropes de 1971 et Convention contre le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes de 1988).
Wild silkWild silks have been known and used in many countries from early times, although the scale of production is far smaller than that from cultivated silkworms. Silk cocoons and nests often resemble paper or cloth, and their use has arisen independently in many societies. Silk taken from various species has been used since ancient times, either in its natural state or after some form of preparation. Spider webs were used as a wound dressing in ancient Greece and Rome, and as a base for painting from the 16th century.
Assam silkAssam silk denotes the three major types of indigenous wild silks produced in Assam—golden muga, white pat and warm eri silk. The Assam silk industry, now centered in Sualkuchi, is a labor-intensive industry. Assam was well known for the production of high quality silk since ancient times. The craft of weaving goes along with the production of silk. It grew to such sophistication in Assam that it was known all over India and abroad.
SéricineSericin is a protein created by Bombyx mori (silkworms) in the production of silk. Silk is a fibre produced by the silkworm in production of its cocoon. It consists mainly of two proteins, fibroin and sericin. Silk consists of 70–80% fibroin and 20–30% sericin; fibroin being the structural center of the silk, and sericin being the gum coating the fibres and allowing them to stick to each other. Sericin is composed of 18 different amino acids, of which 32% is serine.
SéricicultureLa sériciculture est l'élevage du ver à soie, qui est lui-même la chenille du papillon Bombyx mori. Elle consiste en l'ensemble des opérations de culture du mûrier, d'élevage du ver à soie pour l'obtention du cocon, de dévidage du cocon et de filature de la soie. L'élevage s'effectue à partir des œufs du papillon, appelés selon l'usage « graines ». Dans le sud de la France, la maison dans laquelle on pratique l'élevage des vers à soie est appelée magnanerie, du nom de « magnan » donné au ver.
