Power toolA power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power source and mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools. The most common types of power tools use electric motors. Internal combustion engines and compressed air are also commonly used. Tools directly driven by animal power are not generally considered power tools. Power tools are used in industry, in construction, in the garden, for housework tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and around the house for purposes of driving (fasteners), drilling, cutting, shaping, sanding, grinding, routing, polishing, painting, heating and more.
Machine-outilUne machine-outil est un équipement mécanique destiné à exécuter un usinage, ou autre tâche répétitive, avec une précision et une puissance adaptées. Elle imprime à un outil, qu'il soit fixe, mobile, ou tournant, un mouvement permettant d'usiner ou de déformer une pièce ou un ensemble fixés sur un plateau mobile ou non. Le tour et notamment le tour à métaux a joué un rôle de premier plan au cours de la révolution industrielle. C'est la machine élémentaire de la mécanique industrielle, celle sans laquelle aucune autre machine ne peut voir le jour.
Pollution sonorethumb|Selon G. Dutilleux (2012), (ici, à titre d'exemple : vue de la circulation automobile urbaine à Bangkok, source majeure de nuisances sonores. thumb|L'échangeur de Daussoulx en Belgique ; autre exemple de source de nuisances sonores. La notion de pollution sonore regroupe généralement des nuisances sonores, et des pollutions induites par le son devenu dans certaines circonstances un « altéragène physique » pour l'être humain ou les écosystèmes.
Greenhouse gas inventoryGreenhouse gas inventories are emission inventories of greenhouse gas emissions that are developed for a variety of reasons. Scientists use inventories of natural and anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions as tools when developing atmospheric models. Policy makers use inventories to develop strategies and policies for emissions reductions and to track the progress of those policies. Regulatory agencies and corporations also rely on inventories to establish compliance records with allowable emission rates.
Greenhouse gas monitoringGreenhouse gas monitoring is the direct measurement of greenhouse gas emissions and levels. There are several different methods of measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, including infrared analyzing and manometry. Methane and nitrous oxide are measured by other instruments. Greenhouse gases are measured from space such as by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory and networks of ground stations such as the Integrated Carbon Observation System.
Bruit aérienAircraft noise pollution refers to noise produced by aircraft in flight that has been associated with several negative stress-mediated health effects, from sleep disorders to cardiovascular ones. Governments have enacted extensive controls that apply to aircraft designers, manufacturers, and operators, resulting in improved procedures and cuts in pollution. Sound production is divided into three categories: Mechanical noise—rotation of the engine parts, most noticeable when fan blades reach supersonic speeds.
Climate change scenarioClimate change scenarios or socioeconomic scenarios are projections of future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions used by analysts to assess future vulnerability to climate change. Scenarios and pathways are created by scientists to survey any long term routes and explore the effectiveness of mitigation and helps us understand what the future may hold this will allow us to envision the future of human environment system. Producing scenarios requires estimates of future population levels, economic activity, the structure of governance, social values, and patterns of technological change.
Contrôle du bruitalt=|vignette| Sonomètre Le contrôle du bruit, sa gestion ou atténuation, sont les efforts déployés, en tout domaine, pour diminuer la pollution sonore et limiter l'impact du bruit, tant à l'extérieur qu'à l'intérieur des bâtiments et autres structures habitées. Parmi les principaux domaines concernés par le contrôle, d'atténuation ou de réduction du bruit figurent : le contrôle du bruit des transports (trafic routier, ferroviaire, aérien, des navires dans les ports, etc), la conception architecturale et l'urbanisme (via notamment des codes de zonage) ou encore le contrôle du bruit au travail.
Economic analysis of climate changeThe economic analysis of climate change explains how economic thinking, tools and techniques are applied to calculate the magnitude and distribution of damage caused by climate change. It also informs the policies and approaches for mitigation and adaptation to climate change from global to household scales. This topic is also inclusive of alternative economic approaches, including ecological economics and degrowth. Economic analysis of climate change is considered challenging as it is a long-term problem and has substantial distributional issues within and across countries.
Survey data collectionWith the application of probability sampling in the 1930s, surveys became a standard tool for empirical research in social sciences, marketing, and official statistics. The methods involved in survey data collection are any of a number of ways in which data can be collected for a statistical survey. These are methods that are used to collect information from a sample of individuals in a systematic way. First there was the change from traditional paper-and-pencil interviewing (PAPI) to computer-assisted interviewing (CAI).
