Immunogold characteristics of VGLUT3-positive GABAergic nerve terminals suggest corelease of glutamate
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The neocortex is the most computationally advanced portion of the brain. It is currently assumed to be composed of a large number of "cortical columns" – intricate arrangements of cortical neurons approximately 300-500 µm in diameter and 2-5 mm in height i ...
Valproic acid (VPA) is a powerful teratogen causing birth defects in humans, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), if exposure occurs during the first trimester of embryogenesis. Learning and memory alterations are common symptoms of ASD, but underlyin ...
Despite intensive research efforts, the effects of anesthesia on brain physiology and function have not been satisfactorily explained yet. Nevertheless, from what has been discovered up to now, we can attribute the effect of the anesthetics to changes in c ...
The present invention concerns a new pharmaceutical composition comprising an antagonist and a co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR). The inventors found that the co-administration of these two compounds effectively inhibit ...
T he inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is synthesized by two isoforms of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD): GAD65 and GAD67. Whereas GAD67 is constitutively active and produces >90% of GABA in the central nervous system ...
Despite a wealth of in vitro and modelling studies it remains unclear how neuronal populations in the cerebellum interact in vivo. We address the issue of how the cerebellar input layer processes sensory information, with particular focus on the granule ce ...
Robberechts Q, Wijnants M, Giugliano M, De Schutter E. Longterm depression at parallel fiber to Golgi cell synapses. J Neurophysiol 104: 3413-3423, 2010. First published September 22, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2010. Golgi cells (GoCs) are the primary inhi ...
The coupling between synaptic activity and glucose utilization (neurometabolic coupling) is a central physiologic principle of brain function that has provided the basis for 2-deoxyglucose-based functional imaging with positron emission tomography. Approxi ...
Broad-spectrum N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, although proposed in therapies for several pathologies including Huntington's disease (HD), can produce dramatic side-effects. Thus, the therapeutic potential of subunit selective NMDA receptor antago ...
A single intra-peritoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) on embryonic day (ED) 11.5 to pregnant rats has been shown to produce severe autistic-like symptoms in the offspring. Previous studies showed that the microcircuitry is hyperreactive due to hyperco ...