DoctoratLe doctorat est un diplôme de troisième cycle universitaire, nommé philosophiæ doctor (PhD) dans les pays de langue anglaise. C'est aussi un grade délivré par ce diplôme, et une expérience de recherche. Ce diplôme est délivré par les universités et les établissements d'enseignement supérieur accrédités. Il donne droit au titre de docteur (Dr). D'autres diplômes, différents, peuvent reprendre ce nom, leur reconnaissance et leur contenu varient selon les pays.
Chercheur postdoctoralOn appelle souvent chercheur postdoctoral (ou, improprement, postdoctorant ou encore chercheur postdoctorat, souvent en abrégé en « postdoc ») un chercheur titulaire d'une thèse de doctorat (généralement depuis moins de dix ans) engagé en contrat à durée déterminée dans un laboratoire de recherche. Apparus d'abord dans le domaine de la biologie dans le monde anglo-saxon, les postdocs se sont généralisés dans la recherche académique à la fin des années 1990.
Postgraduate educationPostgraduate education, graduate education, or grad school, refers to academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications usually pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree. The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, as well as in different institutions within countries.
Tertiary educationTertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including universities as well as trade schools and colleges. Higher education is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, while vocational education beyond secondary education is known as further education in the United Kingdom, or included under the category of continuing education in the United States.
ConnaissanceLa connaissance est une notion aux sens multiples, à la fois utilisée dans le langage courant et objet d'étude poussée de la part des sciences cognitives et des philosophes contemporains. Les connaissances, leur nature et leur variété, la façon dont elles sont acquises, leur processus d'acquisition, leur valeur et leur rôle dans les sociétés humaines, sont étudiés par une diversité de disciplines, notamment la philosophie, l'épistémologie, la psychologie, les sciences cognitives, l'anthropologie et la sociologie.
Master of EducationThe Master of Education (MEd or M.Ed. or Ed.M.; Latin Magister Educationis or Educationis Magister) is a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. This degree in education often includes the following majors: curriculum and instruction, counseling, school psychology, and administration. It is often conferred for educators advancing in their field. Similar degrees (providing qualifications for similar careers) include the Master of Arts in Education (MAEd or M.A.Ed. or M.A.E.
Definitions of knowledgeDefinitions of knowledge try to determine the essential features of knowledge. Closely related terms are conception of knowledge, theory of knowledge, and analysis of knowledge. Some general features of knowledge are widely accepted among philosophers, for example, that it constitutes a cognitive success or an epistemic contact with reality and that propositional knowledge involves true belief. Most definitions of knowledge in analytic philosophy focus on propositional knowledge or knowledge-that, as in knowing that Dave is at home, in contrast to knowledge-how (know-how) expressing practical competence.
Undergraduate educationUndergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education. It typically includes all postsecondary programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree. For example, in the United States, an entry-level university student is known as an undergraduate, while students of higher degrees are known as graduate students. Upon completion of a number of required and elective courses as part of an undergraduate program, the student would earn the corresponding degree.
Master's degreeA master's degree (from Latin magister) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course.
Éducationvignette|270px|Moyen mnémotechnique mis à disposition des enfants visitant le Field Museum de Chicago leur permettant d'apprendre les pays formant l'Asie et leurs contours géographiques. L’éducation est l'apprentissage et le développement des facultés intellectuelles, morales et physiques, les moyens et les résultats de cette activité de développement. L'éducation inclut des compétences et des éléments culturels caractéristiques du lieu géographique et de la période historique, l'éducation a pour but de faire progresser, améliorer et penser par soi-même d'un sujet et la création de cultures.
