Publication

Coral cover surveys corroborate predictions on reef adaptive potential to thermal stress

Résumé

As anomalous heat waves are causing the widespread decline of coral reefs worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify coral populations tolerant to thermal stress. Heat stress adaptive potential is the degree of tolerance expected from evolutionary processes and, for a given reef, depends on the arrival of propagules from reefs exposed to recurrent thermal stress. For this reason, assessing spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and reef connectivity is of paramount importance to inform conservation strategies. In this work, we applied a seascape genomics framework to characterize the spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and connectivity for coral reefs of New Caledonia (Southern Pacific). In this approach, remote sensing of seascape conditions was combined with genomic data from three coral species. For every reef of the region, we computed a probability of heat stress adaptation, and two indices forecasting inbound and outbound connectivity. We then compared our indicators to field survey data, and observed that decrease of coral cover after heat stress was lower at reefs predicted with high probability of adaptation and inbound connectivity. Last, we discussed how these indicators can be used to inform local conservation strategies and preserve the adaptive potential of New Caledonian reefs.

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Concepts associés (30)
Récif corallien
thumb|upright=1.5|Le corail, dont les colonies forment les récifs. thumb|upright=1.5|Colonie d’Acropora pulchra. Un récif corallien ou barrière de corail est une structure naturelle bioconstruite à l'origine de laquelle sont essentiellement les coraux. La plus grande de ces formations, la Grande Barrière de corail, au large des côtes australiennes, s'étend sur quelque et est visible depuis l'espace. La Nouvelle-Calédonie quant à elle, abrite dans ses lagons le deuxième ensemble corallien de la planète et la plus longue barrière récifale continue avec ses .
Blanchissement des coraux
Le blanchissement des coraux, blanchiment du corail, ou blanchissement corallien est un phénomène de dépérissement des coraux, qui se traduit par une décoloration de l’animal (et du récif) à la suite de l’expulsion des zooxanthelles symbiotiques ou en raison de la perte de pigmentation des algues. Quand le corail subit un blanchissement, cela ne veut pas dire qu'il meurt. Les coraux ont la capacité d'y survivre mais ils deviennent beaucoup plus vulnérables au moindre stress.
Fringing reef
A fringing reef is one of the three main types of coral reef. It is distinguished from the other main types, barrier reefs and atolls, in that it has either an entirely shallow backreef zone (lagoon) or none at all. If a fringing reef grows directly from the shoreline, then the reef flat extends to the beach and there is no backreef. In other cases (e.g., most of the Bahamas), fringing reefs may grow hundreds of yards from shore and contain extensive backreef areas within which it contains food and water, examples are Philippines, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, the western coast of Australia, the Caribbean, East Africa, and Red Sea.
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