Interface (programmation orientée objet)En programmation orientée objet, une interface est un ensemble de signatures de méthodes publiques d'un objet. Il s'agit donc d'un ensemble de méthodes accessibles depuis l'extérieur d'une classe, par lesquelles on peut modifier un objet, ou plus généralement communiquer avec lui. Pour rappel, la différenciation entre méthodes publiques et méthodes privées introduit une abstraction qui : empêche le programmeur d'application (qui emploie une classe) de manipuler l'objet de façon indue, puisque les seules modifications possibles d'une instance sont celles indiquées comme publiques par le concepteur de la classe ; permet au programmeur de la classe, de modifier l'implémentation interne de ces méthodes de manière transparente.
Decision intelligenceDecision intelligence is an engineering discipline that augments data science with theory from social science, decision theory, and managerial science. Its application provides a framework for best practices in organizational decision-making and processes for applying machine learning at scale. The basic idea is that decisions are based on our understanding of how actions lead to outcomes. Decision intelligence is a discipline for analyzing this chain of cause and effect, and decision modeling is a visual language for representing these chains.
Virtual method tableIn computer programming, a virtual method table (VMT), virtual function table, virtual call table, dispatch table, vtable, or vftable is a mechanism used in a programming language to support dynamic dispatch (or run-time method binding). Whenever a class defines a virtual function (or method), most compilers add a hidden member variable to the class that points to an array of pointers to (virtual) functions called the virtual method table.
Dynamic loadingDynamic loading is a mechanism by which a computer program can, at run time, load a library (or other ) into memory, retrieve the addresses of functions and variables contained in the library, execute those functions or access those variables, and unload the library from memory. It is one of the 3 mechanisms by which a computer program can use some other software; the other two are static linking and dynamic linking.
Application virtualizationApplication virtualization is a software technology that encapsulates computer programs from the underlying operating system on which they are executed. A fully virtualized application is not installed in the traditional sense, although it is still executed as if it were. The application behaves at runtime like it is directly interfacing with the original operating system and all the resources managed by it, but can be isolated or sandboxed to varying degrees.
Inférence de typesL'inférence de types est un mécanisme qui permet à un compilateur ou un interpréteur de rechercher automatiquement les types associés à des expressions, sans qu'ils soient indiqués explicitement dans le code source. Il s'agit pour le compilateur ou l'interpréteur de trouver le type le plus général que puisse prendre l'expression. Les avantages à disposer de ce mécanisme sont multiples : le code source est plus aéré, le développeur n'a pas à se soucier de retenir les noms de types, l'interpréteur fournit un moyen au développeur de vérifier (en partie) le code qu'il a écrit et le programme est peu modifié en cas de changement de structure de données.
Allocation de registresDans un compilateur, l'allocation de registres est une étape importante de la génération de code. Elle vise à choisir judicieusement dans quel registre du processeur seront enregistrées les variables durant l'exécution du programme que l'on compile. Les registres sont des mémoires internes au processeur, généralement capables de contenir un mot machine. Les opérations sur des valeurs rangées dans des registres sont plus rapides que celles sur des valeurs en mémoire vive, quand ce ne sont pas les seules possibles.
Data virtualizationData virtualization is an approach to data management that allows an application to retrieve and manipulate data without requiring technical details about the data, such as how it is formatted at source, or where it is physically located, and can provide a single customer view (or single view of any other entity) of the overall data. Unlike the traditional extract, transform, load ("ETL") process, the data remains in place, and real-time access is given to the source system for the data.
Decision support systemA decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance—i.e. unstructured and semi-structured decision problems. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized or human-powered, or a combination of both.
Object code optimizerAn object code optimizer, sometimes also known as a post pass optimizer or, for small sections of code, peephole optimizer, forms part of a software compiler. It takes the output from the source language compile step - the object code or - and tries to replace identifiable sections of the code with replacement code that is more algorithmically efficient (usually improved speed). The earliest "COBOL Optimizer" was developed by Capex Corporation in the mid 1970s for COBOL.
