Near and far fieldThe near field and far field are regions of the electromagnetic (EM) field around an object, such as a transmitting antenna, or the result of radiation scattering off an object. Non-radiative near-field behaviors dominate close to the antenna or scattering object, while electromagnetic radiation far-field behaviors dominate at greater distances. Far-field E (electric) and B (magnetic) field strength decreases as the distance from the source increases, resulting in an inverse-square law for the radiated power intensity of electromagnetic radiation.
Bobines de HelmholtzLes bobines de Helmholtz, du nom de Hermann Ludwig von Helmholtz, sont un dispositif constitué de deux bobines circulaires de même rayon, parallèles, et placées l'une en face de l'autre à une distance égale à leur rayon. En faisant circuler du courant électrique dans ces bobines, un champ magnétique est créé dans leur voisinage, qui a la particularité d'être relativement uniforme au centre du dispositif dans un volume plus petit que les bobines elles-mêmes.
Conservative systemIn mathematics, a conservative system is a dynamical system which stands in contrast to a dissipative system. Roughly speaking, such systems have no friction or other mechanism to dissipate the dynamics, and thus, their phase space does not shrink over time. Precisely speaking, they are those dynamical systems that have a null wandering set: under time evolution, no portion of the phase space ever "wanders away", never to be returned to or revisited. Alternately, conservative systems are those to which the Poincaré recurrence theorem applies.
