Morphogenesis and oxygen dynamics in phototrophic biofilms growing across a gradient of hydraulic conditions
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Ecology, with a traditional focus on plants and animals, seeks to understand the mechanisms underlying structure and dynamics of communities. In microbial ecology, the focus is changing from planktonic communities to attached biofilms that dominate microbi ...
The experimental study introduces an unload-induced direct-shear model to investigate the frictional slip of a layer of simulated granular gouges induced by the combination of a decreasing normal stress and a constant shear stress. A frictional equilibrium ...
Owens second hypothesis [1] states that the surface shear stress induced by the fluid on the stationary sediment on the ground in a particle saltation layer equals the threshold for particle entrainment. Despite the fact that most numerical models describi ...
The earth's surface is permanently exposed to the atmosphere and accordingly to strong wind forces in many regions. Aerodynamic entrainment, transport and redeposition of sand, soil or snow are able to considerably reshape the surface morphology and influe ...
We investigate in detail the problem of confined pressure-driven laminar flow of neutrally buoyant non-Brownian suspensions using a frictional rheology based on the recent proposal of Boyer et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107 (18), 2011, 188301). The fricti ...
Interstitial flow is an important regulator of various cell behaviors both in vitro and in vivo, yet the forces that fluid flow imposes on cells embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM), and the effects of matrix architecture on those forces, are not we ...
A simple new model is proposed to predict the distribution of wind velocity and surface shear stress downwind of a rough-to-smooth surface transition. The wind velocity is estimated as a weighted average between two limiting logarithmic profiles: the first ...
In this paper we introduce the concept of dual compatible (DC) splines on nontensor product meshes, study the properties of this class, and discuss their possible use within the isogeometric framework. We show that DC splines are linear independent and tha ...
Confined interfaces between cement grout and other materials such as embossed steel or rough concrete are formed in an innovative new steel-concrete connection for composite bridges. This article presents the experimental study of such interfaces and inves ...
This study presents a dynamic-induced direct-shear model to investigate the dynamic triggering of frictional slip on simulated granular gouges. An incident P-wave is generated as a shear load and a normal stress is constantly applied on the gouge layer. Th ...