Preclinical developmentIn drug development, preclinical development, also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals. The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.
AnticorpsUn anticorps est un complexe protéique produit par le système immunitaire adaptatif dans un organisme vivant pour détecter et neutraliser les agents pathogènes de manière spécifique. Ce faisant, les anticorps se lient à l'agent pathogène et dirigent vers lui, dans le but de le détruire, les cellules immunitaires dites phagocytes (macrophages, polynucléaires neutrophiles) et/ou les agents du complément. L'organisme devient alors réfractaire à l’agent envahisseur : il s’immunise.
Maladie rareUne maladie rare est une maladie dont la prévalence est inférieure à 0,05 % (5 personnes sur ), selon la définition réglementaire européenne. À ce jour, on estime qu'il en existe entre et . Bien que chacune ne touche que peu d'individus, leur grande variété fait que le nombre de personnes concernées dépasse, en France, le nombre de malades atteints de cancer. La grande majorité des maladies rares (environ 80 %) est d'origine génétique.
CureA cure is a substance or procedure that ends a medical condition, such as a medication, a surgical operation, a change in lifestyle or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person's sufferings; or the state of being healed, or cured. The medical condition could be a disease, mental illness, genetic disorder, or simply a condition a person considers socially undesirable, such as baldness or lack of breast tissue. An incurable disease may or may not be a terminal illness; conversely, a curable illness can still result in the patient's death.
Noyau supraoptiqueThe supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm. In humans, the SON contains about 3,000 neurons. The cell bodies produce the peptide hormone vasopressin, which is also known as anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), and the peptide hormone oxytocin. Both of these peptides are released from the posterior pituitary.
