Mitotic catastropheMitotic catastrophe has been defined as either a cellular mechanism to prevent potentially cancerous cells from proliferating or as a mode of cellular death that occurs following improper cell cycle progression or entrance. Mitotic catastrophe can be induced by prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, errors in mitosis, or DNA damage and functioned to prevent genomic instability. It is a mechanism that is being researched as a potential therapeutic target in cancers, and numerous approved therapeutics induce mitotic catastrophe.
Polymorphisme nucléotidiquevignette|La molécule d'ADN 1 diffère de la 2 par un seul nucléotide (polymorphisme C/T). Le polymorphisme nucléotidique (PN, ou polymorphisme d'un seul nucléotide, PSN ; single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) est, en génétique, la variation (polymorphisme) d'une seule paire de bases du génome entre individus d'une même espèce, ou entre un individu et la séquence de référence de l'espèce. La variation doit être située à un endroit spécifique du génome et apparaître sur une proportion supérieure à 1 % de la population pour être caractérisée comme PSN.
Virtual karyotypeVirtual karyotype is the digital information reflecting a karyotype, resulting from the analysis of short sequences of DNA from specific loci all over the genome, which are isolated and enumerated. It detects genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution for level than conventional karyotyping or chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The main methods used for creating virtual karyotypes are array-comparative genomic hybridization and SNP arrays.
Sex cord–gonadal stromal tumourSex cord–gonadal stromal tumour is a group of tumors derived from the stromal component of the ovary and testis, which comprises the granulosa, thecal cells and fibrocytes. In contrast, the epithelial cells originate from the outer epithelial lining surrounding the gonad while the germ cell tumors arise from the precursor cells of the gametes, hence the name germ cell. In humans, this group accounts for 8% of ovarian cancers and under 5% of testicular cancers. Their diagnosis is histological: only a biopsy of the tumour can make an exact diagnosis.
GénotypageLe génotypage est la méthode d’acquisition de données permettant de déterminer l'identité d'une variation génétique, à une position spécifique sur tout ou partie du génome, pour un individu ou un groupe d'individus donné appartenant à une espèce animale, végétale, fongique... Il est effectué de manière standardisée et automatisée par des robots (robots de pipetage, robot extracteur d'ADN...), thermocycleurs, séquenceurs capillaires.
Marginal zone B-cell lymphomaMarginal zone B-cell lymphomas, also known as marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs), are a heterogeneous group of lymphomas that derive from the malignant transformation of marginal zone B-cells. Marginal zone B cells are innate lymphoid cells that normally function by rapidly mounting IgM antibody immune responses to antigens such as those presented by infectious agents and damaged tissues. They are lymphocytes of the B-cell line that originate and mature in secondary lymphoid follicles and then move to the marginal zones of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (i.
