Working fluid selectionHeat engines, refrigeration cycles and heat pumps usually involve a fluid to and from which heat is transferred while undergoing a thermodynamic cycle. This fluid is called the working fluid. Refrigeration and heat pump technologies often refer to working fluids as refrigerants. Most thermodynamic cycles make use of the latent heat (advantages of phase change) of the working fluid. In case of other cycles the working fluid remains in gaseous phase while undergoing all the processes of the cycle.
Loi de refroidissement de Newtonvignette|250px|Graphe de refroidissement (). La loi de refroidissement de Newton, formulée par Isaac Newton, énonce que le taux de perte de chaleur d'un corps est proportionnel à la différence de température entre le corps et le milieu environnant. Cette formulation n'est pas très précise et présuppose un milieu et un corps homogènes ainsi qu'un milieu à température constante. On peut dériver cette loi d'après une décroissance exponentielle. Si est la température du corps, elle vérifie l'équation différentielle : avec une constante positive dépendante du milieu environnant.
Steam generator (nuclear power)A steam generator (aka nuclear steam raising plant ('NSRP')) is a heat exchanger used to convert water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor core. They are used in pressurized water reactor between the primary and secondary coolant loops. In typical PWR designs, the primary coolant is high-purity water, kept under high pressure so it cannot boil. This primary coolant is pumped through the reactor core where it absorbs heat from the fuel rods.
StripboardStripboard is the generic name for a widely used type of electronics prototyping material for circuit boards characterized by a pre-formed regular (rectangular) grid of holes, with wide parallel strips of copper cladding running in one direction all the way across one side of on an insulating bonded paper board. It is commonly also known by the name of the original product Veroboard, which is a trademark, in the UK, of British company Vero Technologies Ltd and Canadian company Pixel Print Ltd.
