Three-dimensional integrated circuitA three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) is a MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor) integrated circuit (IC) manufactured by stacking as many as 16 or more ICs and interconnecting them vertically using, for instance, through-silicon vias (TSVs) or Cu-Cu connections, so that they behave as a single device to achieve performance improvements at reduced power and smaller footprint than conventional two dimensional processes. The 3D IC is one of several 3D integration schemes that exploit the z-direction to achieve electrical performance benefits in microelectronics and nanoelectronics.
Crystalline siliconCrystalline silicon or (c-Si) Is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si, consisting of small crystals), or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si, a continuous crystal). Crystalline silicon is the dominant semiconducting material used in photovoltaic technology for the production of solar cells. These cells are assembled into solar panels as part of a photovoltaic system to generate solar power from sunlight. In electronics, crystalline silicon is typically the monocrystalline form of silicon, and is used for producing microchips.
Effet lotusL'effet lotus appelé aussi autonettoyage de la feuille, est un phénomène de superhydrophobie causé par une rugosité nanométrique. Son nom provient du lotus (Nelumbo spp.), dont les feuilles présentent cette caractéristique. D’autres plantes, comme les feuilles de capucine (Tropaeolum spp.), de chou, de roseau (Phragmites spp.), de taro (Colocasia esculenta) ou de l'ancolie (Aguilegia spp.), et certains animaux (par exemple les plumes des oiseaux aquatiques), notamment des insectes, montrent le même comportement.
