Covariance matrixIn probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector. Any covariance matrix is symmetric and positive semi-definite and its main diagonal contains variances (i.e., the covariance of each element with itself). Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion of variance to multiple dimensions.
Soil resilienceSoil resilience refers to the ability of a soil to resist or recover their healthy state in response to destabilising influences. This is a subset of a notion of environmental resilience. Soil resilience should first be looked at in terms of soil formation and development (pedogenesis), a continuous process taking thousands of years – this puts into context the short time that humans have so extensively utilised, changed and depended directly on soil.
MacroporeIn soil, macropores are defined as cavities that are larger than 75 μm. Functionally, pores of this size host preferential soil solution flow and rapid transport of solutes and colloids. Macropores increase the hydraulic conductivity of soil, allowing water to infiltrate and drain quickly, and shallow groundwater to move relatively rapidly via lateral flow. In soil, macropores are created by plant roots, soil cracks, soil fauna, and by aggregation of soil particles into peds. Macropores may be defined differently in other contexts.
Plante ornementalethumb|right|200px|Rose 'Catherine Mermet' (Guillot 1869). Les plantes ornementales, plantes décoratives ou plantes d'agrément, sont des espèces et variétés de plantes cultivées intentionnellement pour leur qualités d'agrément et leur attrait esthétique, plutôt que pour leur valeur nutritive, médicinale ou industrielle. Elles peuvent servir pour l'ornementation des parcs et jardins publics ou privés, voire le bord des rues et des routes, aussi bien que pour la décoration des intérieurs et des balcons, et pour la confection de bouquets et de couronnes.
Nordström's theory of gravitationIn theoretical physics, Nordström's theory of gravitation was a predecessor of general relativity. Strictly speaking, there were actually two distinct theories proposed by the Finnish theoretical physicist Gunnar Nordström, in 1912 and 1913 respectively. The first was quickly dismissed, but the second became the first known example of a metric theory of gravitation, in which the effects of gravitation are treated entirely in terms of the geometry of a curved spacetime.
Racine dentairevignette|300px|Détail d'une molaire humaine.1. Dent 2. Émail dentaire 3. Dentine 4. Pulpe dentaire 5. 6. 7. Cément 8. Couronne 9. 10. 11. collet 12. Racine dentaire 13. 14. 15. 16. Sulcus gingivae17. Parodonte 18.Gencive 19. 20. 21. 22. Ligament alvéolo-dentaire 23. Os alvéolaire 24. 25. 26. 27. canal alvéolaire La racine d'une dent est la portion de la dent qui se trouve dans l'os alvéolaire, situé dans l'os basal du maxillaire ou de la mandibule. Surmontée de la couronne dentaire, la racine sert de pilier à la dent.
