Criticisms of globalizationCriticism of globalization is skepticism of the claimed benefits of globalization. Many of these views are held by the anti-globalization movement. Globalization has created much global and internal unrest in many countries. While the dynamics of capitalism is changing and each country is unique in its political makeup, globalization is a set-in-stone "program" that is difficult to implement without political unrest. Globalization can be partly responsible for the current global economic crisis.
Neutralité du genredroite|vignette|Panneau signalant des toilettes non genrées aux États-Unis en 2016. droite|vignette|Panneau signalant des toilettes non genrées aux États-Unis en 2017. La neutralité de genre est une idée selon laquelle les politiques, le langage et d'autres institutions sociales devraient éviter de distinguer les rôles selon le sexe ou l'identité de genre d'un individu.
Essentialisme (genre)L’essentialisme est, en sociologie, l'idée selon laquelle hommes et femmes sont différents par essence, c'est-à-dire selon laquelle leur nature (féminine ou masculine) détermine non seulement leur physiologie, mais dans une certaine mesure l'être et l'agir. La notion opposée est le constructionnisme. La position essentialiste en ce domaine considère que l'innéité biologique prévaut nécessairement dans le comportement d'un individu sur les acquisitions ultérieures qu'il a pu faire ou construire.
Democratic globalizationDemocratic globalization is a social movement towards an institutional system of global democracy. One of its proponents is the British political thinker David Held. In the last decade, Held published a dozen books regarding the spread of democracy from territorially defined nation states to a system of global governance that encapsulates the entire world. For some, democratic mundialisation (from the French term mondialisation) is a variant of democratic globalisation stressing the need for the direct election of world leaders and members of global institutions by citizens worldwide; for others, it is just another name for democratic globalisation.
Gender systemGender systems are the social structures that establish the number of genders and their associated gender roles in every society. A gender role is "everything that a person says and does to indicate to others or to the self the degree that one is either male, female, or androgynous. This includes but is not limited to sexual and erotic arousal and response." Gender identity is one's own personal experience with gender role and the persistence of one's individuality as male, female, or androgynous, especially in self-awareness and behavior.
Cultural globalizationCultural globalisation refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have been diffused by the Internet, popular culture media, and international travel. This has added to processes of commodity exchange and colonization which have a longer history of carrying cultural meaning around the globe.
Travesti (gender identity)The term travesti is used in Latin America to designate people who were assigned male at birth and develop a feminine gender identity. Other terms have been invented and are used in South America in an attempt to further distinguish it from cross-dressing, drag, and pathologizing connotations. In Spain, the term was used in a similar way during the Franco era, but it was replaced with the advent of the medical model of transsexuality in the late 1980s and early 1990s, in order to rule out negative stereotypes.
Outline of ethicsEthics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concern matters of value, and thus comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ethics.
Mondialisation économiqueCet article est destiné à reprendre et préciser les aspects économiques et financiers de l'article Mondialisation lequel est axé plus largement sur les différentes dimensions du phénomène. La mondialisation économique est l'accélération, à l'échelle mondiale, des échanges de biens et de services rendue possible grâce à la levée progressive des entraves au commerce dans le cadre de l'accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) puis de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) depuis 1995 et par le développement des moyens de transport et de communication.
Proto-globalizationProto-globalization or early modern globalization is a period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800, following the period of archaic globalization. First introduced by historians A. G. Hopkins and Christopher Bayly, the term describes the phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange that characterized the period immediately preceding the advent of so-called "modern globalization" in the 19th century.
