Effect of minor amounts of beta-calcium pyrophosphate and hydroxyapatite on the physico-chemical properties and osteoclastic resorption of beta-tricalcium phosphate cylinders

beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (beta-TCP), one of the most used bone graft substitutes, may contain up to 5 wt% foreign phase according to standards. Typical foreign phases include beta-calcium pyrophosphate (beta-CPP) and hydroxyapatite (HA). Currently, the effect of small amounts of impurities on beta-TCP resorption is unknown. This is surprising since pyrophosphate is a very potent osteoclast inhibitor. The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of small beta-CPP fractions (