I-beamI-beam is a generic lay term for a variety of structural members with an or -shaped cross-section. Technical terms for similar items include H-beam (for universal column, UC), w-beam (for "wide flange"), universal beam (UB), rolled steel joist (RSJ), or double-T (especially in Polish, Bulgarian, Spanish, Italian and German). I-beams are typically made of structural steel and serve a wide variety of construction uses. The horizontal elements of the are called flanges, and the vertical element is known as the "web".
Cancer du reinLe cancer du rein est un cancer relativement rare, se développant à partir des cellules rénales. Les symptômes peuvent inclure la présence de sang dans les urines, une masse dans l'abdomen ou des douleurs au dos. De la fièvre, une perte de poids et de la fatigue peuvent également apparaître. Les complications peuvent inclure la propagation aux poumons ou au cerveau. Les principaux types de cancer du rein sont le carcinome des cellules rénales (CCR), le carcinome à cellules transitionnelles (CCT) et la tumeur de Wilms.
Regression validationIn statistics, regression validation is the process of deciding whether the numerical results quantifying hypothesized relationships between variables, obtained from regression analysis, are acceptable as descriptions of the data. The validation process can involve analyzing the goodness of fit of the regression, analyzing whether the regression residuals are random, and checking whether the model's predictive performance deteriorates substantially when applied to data that were not used in model estimation.
Renal cell carcinomaRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90–95% of cases. RCC occurrence shows a male predominance over women with a ratio of 1.5:1. RCC most commonly occurs between 6th and 7th decade of life. Initial treatment is most commonly either partial or complete removal of the affected kidney(s).
Linear least squaresLinear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data. It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression, including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted, and generalized (correlated) residuals. Numerical methods for linear least squares include inverting the matrix of the normal equations and orthogonal decomposition methods. The three main linear least squares formulations are: Ordinary least squares (OLS) is the most common estimator.
Coefficient de déterminationvignette|Illustration du coefficient de détermination pour une régression linéaire. Le coefficient de détermination est égal à 1 moins le rapport entre la surface des carrés bleus et la surface des carrés rouges. En statistique, le coefficient de détermination linéaire de Pearson, noté R ou r, est une mesure de la qualité de la prédiction d'une régression linéaire. où n est le nombre de mesures, la valeur de la mesure , la valeur prédite correspondante et la moyenne des mesures.
Statistical model validationIn statistics, model validation is the task of evaluating whether a chosen statistical model is appropriate or not. Oftentimes in statistical inference, inferences from models that appear to fit their data may be flukes, resulting in a misunderstanding by researchers of the actual relevance of their model. To combat this, model validation is used to test whether a statistical model can hold up to permutations in the data.
Machine d'AnticythèreLa machine d'Anticythère, appelée également mécanisme d'Anticythère, est considérée comme le premier calculateur analogique antique permettant de calculer des positions astronomiques. C'est un mécanisme de bronze comprenant des dizaines de roues dentées, solidaires et disposées sur plusieurs plans. Il est garni de nombreuses inscriptions grecques. On connaît de la machine d'Anticythère un unique exemplaire, dont les fragments ont été trouvés en 1901 dans une épave, près de l'île grecque d'Anticythère, entre Cythère et la Crète.
