Publication

Ultimate Limit for Optical Losses in Gold, Revealed by Quantitative Near-Field Microscopy

Sergejs Boroviks
2022
Article
Résumé

We report thorough measurements of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) running along nearly perfect air-gold interfaces formed by atomically flat surfaces of chemically synthesized gold monocrystals. By means of amplitude-and phase-resolved near-field microscopy, we obtain their propagation length and effective mode index at visible wavelengths (532, 594, 632.8, 729, and 800 nm). The measured values are compared with the values obtained from the dielectric functions of gold that are reported in literature. Importantly, a reported dielectric function of monocrystalline gold implies similar to 1.5 times shorter propagation lengths than those observed in our experiments, whereas a dielectric function reported for properly fabricated polycrystalline gold leads to SPP propagation lengths matching our results. We argue that the SPP propagation lengths measured in our experiments signify the ultimate limit of optical losses in gold, encouraging further comprehensive characterization of optical material properties of pure gold as well as other plasmonic materials.

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Concepts associés (33)
Surface plasmon polariton
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface, practically in the infrared or visible-frequency. The term "surface plasmon polariton" explains that the wave involves both charge motion in the metal ("surface plasmon") and electromagnetic waves in the air or dielectric ("polariton"). They are a type of surface wave, guided along the interface in much the same way that light can be guided by an optical fiber.
Relative permittivity
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field. Permittivity is a material's property that affects the Coulomb force between two point charges in the material. Relative permittivity is the factor by which the electric field between the charges is decreased relative to vacuum.
Or
L'or est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 79, de symbole Au. Ce symbole, choisi par Berzelius, est formé des deux premières lettres du mot latin aurum (de même sens). Le corps simple or est un métal noble, un métal précieux coloré précisément en jaune d'or, matière pure dense, très ductile et molle, facile à travailler, parfois simplement à la main et au bâton, connue de toute antiquité, appréciée pour son fort éclat de « petit soleil », en particulier sous forme de diverses parures depuis la fin du néolithique (début du chalcolithique) ou de pièces de monnaie depuis l'Antiquité, et très recherchée, avec l'argent, depuis les temps historiques pour sa fonction monétaire déterminante.
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