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KRAS is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human tumors, and is typically associated with aggressive disease. Despite intensive study and years of effort, KRAS has remained refractory to targeted inhibition. Given the challenge of inhibiting KRA ...
In two recent reports in Science, James Chen and colleagues provide compelling evidence that detection of cytosolic DNA triggers the production of a novel second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which in turn activates a signaling pathway that induces ty ...
Mitochondrial Ca2+ signals have been proposed to accelerate oxidative metabolism and ATP production to match Ca2+-activated energy-consuming processes. Efforts to understand the signaling role of mitochondrial Ca2+ have been hampered by the inability to ma ...
The ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone orchestrate postnatal mammary gland development and are implicated in breast cancer. Most of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) signaling ste ...
NAD(+) is a central metabolite in the cell. Changes in NAD(+) abundance and the activity of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, such as the sirtuins, are at the core of metabolic/mitochondrial diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, and of cancer and neurodegenerati ...
The mammalian intestine is a prototype of a self-renewing organ. The rapid cellular turnover is supported by proliferating progenitors located in the intestinal crypt, which is also the stem cell location. Homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium has to be ...
Purpose: Apoptosis is known to play a key role in cell death after retinal ischemia. However, little is known about the kinetics of the signaling pathways involved and their contribution to this process. The aim of this study was to determine whether chang ...
In the brainstem auditory circuit of mammals and birds, excitatory synapses with extraordinarily large size have evolved, which ensure fast membrane potential signaling mediated by large, multiquantal excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). The so-called ...
Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic molecules that facilitate the uptake of lipids, and their levels fluctuate in the intestines as well as in the circulation depending on food intake. Besides their role in dietary lipid absorption, BAs function as signaling ...
Reactive oxygen species, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), activate signal transduction pathways during angiogenesis and therefore play an important role in physiol. development as well as various pathophysiologies. Herein, the authors utilize a near- ...
