NeurotransmetteurLes neurotransmetteurs, ou neuromédiateurs, sont des composés chimiques libérés par les neurones (et parfois par les cellules gliales) agissant sur d'autres neurones, appelés neurones postsynaptiques, ou, plus rarement, sur d'autres types de cellules (comme les cellules musculaires et les cellules gliales comme les astrocytes). Les neurotransmetteurs sont stockés au niveau de l'élément présynaptique dans des vésicules. Le contenu de ces vésicules est libéré (de à molécules en moyenne) dans l'espace synaptique au moment de l'arrivée d'un potentiel d'action.
Neuromorphic engineeringNeuromorphic computing is an approach to computing that is inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. A neuromorphic computer/chip is any device that uses physical artificial neurons to do computations. In recent times, the term neuromorphic has been used to describe analog, digital, mixed-mode analog/digital VLSI, and software systems that implement models of neural systems (for perception, motor control, or multisensory integration).
Cellular neuroscienceCellular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience concerned with the study of neurons at a cellular level. This includes morphology and physiological properties of single neurons. Several techniques such as intracellular recording, patch-clamp, and voltage-clamp technique, pharmacology, confocal imaging, molecular biology, two photon laser scanning microscopy and Ca2+ imaging have been used to study activity at the cellular level.
