Radioactivité αLa radioactivité alpha (ou rayonnement alpha, symbolisé α) est le rayonnement provoqué par la désintégration alpha, soit la forme de désintégration radioactive où un noyau atomique X éjecte une et se transforme en un noyau Y de nombre de masse A diminué de 4 et de numéro atomique Z diminué de 2. En 1898, Ernest Rutherford découvre que la radioactivité émise par un minerai d'uranium est un mélange de deux phénomènes distincts qu'il appelle radioactivité α et radioactivité β.
KaonUn kaon est une particule (notée K) de la famille des mésons caractérisée par un nombre quantique appelé étrangeté et noté S. Les mésons étant constitués d'un nombre pair de quarks et d'antiquarks, les kaons contiennent un quark s ou un antiquark s combiné avec un quark/antiquark parmi u ou d (resp. u ou d).
Experimental testing of time dilationTime dilation as predicted by special relativity is often verified by means of particle lifetime experiments. According to special relativity, the rate of a clock C traveling between two synchronized laboratory clocks A and B, as seen by a laboratory observer, is slowed relative to the laboratory clock rates. Since any periodic process can be considered a clock, the lifetimes of unstable particles such as muons must also be affected, so that moving muons should have a longer lifetime than resting ones.
Inverse beta decayInverse beta decay, commonly abbreviated to IBD, is a nuclear reaction involving an electron antineutrino scattering off a proton, creating a positron and a neutron. This process is commonly used in the detection of electron antineutrinos in neutrino detectors, such as the first detection of antineutrinos in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment, or in neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Borexino. It is an essential process to experiments involving low-energy neutrinos (< 60 MeV) such as those studying neutrino oscillation, reactor neutrinos, sterile neutrinos, and geoneutrinos.
Supersymmetric quantum mechanicsIn theoretical physics, supersymmetric quantum mechanics is an area of research where supersymmetry are applied to the simpler setting of plain quantum mechanics, rather than quantum field theory. Supersymmetric quantum mechanics has found applications outside of high-energy physics, such as providing new methods to solve quantum mechanical problems, providing useful extensions to the WKB approximation, and statistical mechanics.
