AbilityAbilities are powers an agent has to perform various actions. They include common abilities, like walking, and rare abilities, like performing a double backflip. Abilities are intelligent powers: they are guided by the person's intention and executing them successfully results in an action, which is not true for all types of powers. They are closely related to but not identical with various other concepts, such as disposition, know-how, aptitude, talent, potential, and skill. Theories of ability aim to articulate the nature of abilities.
NeurotransmissionNeurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through") is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron) a short distance away. A similar process occurs in retrograde neurotransmission, where the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron release retrograde neurotransmitters (e.g.
Critical period hypothesisThe critical period hypothesis or sensitive period hypothesis claims that there is an ideal time window of brain development to acquire language in a linguistically rich environment, after which further language acquisition becomes much more difficult and effortful. It is the subject of a long-standing debate in linguistics and language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire language is biologically linked to age.
Mort cérébraleLa (appelée également ou coma de ) est définie comme l'état d'absence totale et définitive d'activité cérébrale chez un patient, y compris les fonctions involontaires nécessaires à la vie (les systèmes végétatifs contrôlant le rythme cardiaque ou la respiration). Cela diffère d'un état végétatif permanent, où le patient est vivant et conserve ses fonctions autonomiques bien qu'incapable d'interagir avec son environnement.
Sillon centralLe sillon central (anciennement scissure de Rolando du nom de l'anatomiste italien Luigi Rolando) est un sillon parcourant la surface externe du cerveau. Il part au-dessus de la scissure de Sylvius (ou sillon latéral, dans la terminologie internationale), sans jamais la toucher, et se dirige sur chaque hémisphère cérébral de bas en haut et d'avant en arrière, séparant deux reliefs, le lobe frontal en avant et le lobe pariétal en arrière. Il est à peu près perpendiculaire à la scissure de Sylvius.
