Resource efficiencyResource efficiency is the maximising of the supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively, with minimum wasted (natural) resource expenses. It means using the Earth's limited resources in a sustainable manner while minimising environmental impact. A 2014 report by The Carbon Trust suggested that resource challenges are intensifying rapidly – for example, there could be a 40% gap between available water supplies and water needs by 2030, and some critical materials could be in short supply as soon as 2016.
Social costSocial cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs. This might be applied to any number of economic problems: for example, social cost of carbon has been explored to better understand the costs of carbon emissions for proposed economic solutions such as a carbon tax.
Regional economicsRegional economics is a sub-discipline of economics and is often regarded as one of the fields of the social sciences. It addresses the economic aspect of the regional problems that are spatially analyzable so that theoretical or policy implications can be the derived with respect to regions whose geographical scope ranges from local to global areas. Regional Economics: refer to the economic advantage of a geographical location and human activities of greatest height to contribute maximally to the general growth and prosperity of the region.
Tribu (mathématiques)En mathématiques, une tribu ou σ-algèbre (lire sigma-algèbre) ou plus rarement corps de Borel sur un ensemble X est un ensemble non vide de parties de X, stable par passage au complémentaire et par union dénombrable (donc aussi par intersection dénombrable). Les tribus permettent de définir rigoureusement la notion d'ensemble mesurable. Progressivement formalisées pendant le premier tiers du , les tribus constituent le cadre dans lequel s'est développée la théorie de la mesure.
