Conceptual modelA conceptual model is a representation of a system. It consists of concepts used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents. In contrast, a physical model focuses on a physical object such as a toy model that may be assembled and made to work like the object it represents. The term may refer to models that are formed after a conceptualization or generalization process. Conceptual models are often abstractions of things in the real world, whether physical or social.
Modèle (économie)Un modèle est, en économie, une représentation simplifiée de la réalité économique ou d'une partie de celle-ci. Un modèle économique se base sur des hypothèses économiques et a recours au langage mathématique. L'économie se fonde sur les modèles pour estimer l'évolution d'un système économique, comme la croissance, le commerce international, etc. La science économique vise à expliquer les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans un système économique, ou dans une partie de ce système.
All models are wrongAll models are wrong is a common aphorism and anapodoton in statistics; it is often expanded as "All models are wrong, but some are useful". The aphorism acknowledges that statistical models always fall short of the complexities of reality but can still be useful nonetheless. The aphorism originally referred just to statistical models, but it is now sometimes used for scientific models in general. The aphorism is generally attributed to the statistician George Box. The underlying concept, though, predates Box's writings.
