SaltModSaltMod is computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge (hydrology) in irrigated agricultural lands, using different (geo)hydrologic conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several cropping rotation schedules. The water management options include irrigation, drainage, and the use of subsurface drainage water from pipe drains, ditches or wells for irrigation.
Groundwater-related subsidenceGroundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from unsustainable groundwater extraction. It is a growing problem in the developing world as cities increase in population and water use, without adequate pumping regulation and enforcement. One estimate has 80% of serious U.S. land subsidence problems associated with the excessive extraction of groundwater, making it a growing problem throughout the world.
Migmatitevignette|Une migmatite correspondant à une métatexite. On observe deux rubanements. L'un de couleur sombre (mésosome), l'autre plus claire (leucosome) lui-même bordé d'un fin liseré (mélanosome). vignette|Pli ptygmatique dans une migmatite. vignette|Migmatite recoupée par des dykes de dolérite. Une migmatite (du grec : "migma", mélange), parfois appelée gneiss granitisé ou anatexite, est une roche métamorphique qui résulte majoritairement d'une anatexie. On la trouve dans des zones de gradient métamorphique moyen à élevé.
Effects of high altitude on humansThe effects of high altitude on humans are mostly the consequences of reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin determines the content of oxygen in blood. After the human body reaches around above sea level, the saturation of oxyhemoglobin begins to decrease rapidly. However, the human body has both short-term and long-term adaptations to altitude that allow it to partially compensate for the lack of oxygen.
Géologie planétairevignette|L’astronaute-géologue de la NASA, Harrison Schmitt, en train de collecter des échantillons lors de la mission Apollo 17. vignette|300px|Canyon de Valle Marineris, Mars (4500 km de large et 11 km de profondeur). La géologie planétaire, également appelée exogéologie ou astrogéologie, est une branche de la planétologie qui emprunte les outils et les raisonnements des géosciences (travail sur le terrain, méthodes de télédétection, expérimentations in situ ou en laboratoire, prélèvements d’échantillons, etc.
Discontinuité de Mohorovičićvignette|350px|Carte du monde montrant la profondeur du Moho. La discontinuité de Mohorovičić, abrégée Moho, est la limite entre la croûte terrestre et le manteau supérieur de la Terre. vignette|300px|A) Discontinuité de Mohorovičić . B) Discontinuité de Gutenberg. C) Discontinuité de Lehmann. 1) Croûte continentale 2) Croûte océanique 3) Manteau supérieur 4) Manteau inférieur 5) Noyau externe 6) Noyau interne.
Water resource policyWater resource policy, sometimes called water resource management or water management, encompasses the policy-making processes and legislation that affect the collection, preparation, use, disposal, and protection of water resources. Water is a necessity for all forms of life as well as industries on which humans are reliant, like technology development and agriculture. This global need for clean water access necessitates water resource policy to determine the means of supplying and protecting water resources.
Eau virtuelleLe concept d’eau virtuelle associe à quelques biens de consommation ou intermédiaires la quantité d’eau nécessaire à leur fabrication. Il est associé au concept d'empreinte eau. Ce concept donne également, quand il s’agit de besoins d’eau pure qui ne sera pas réutilisable ensuite sans traitement, un minorant de la quantité d’énergie nécessaire pour les produire, puisqu’en régime permanent cette eau pure ne peut provenir que d’un processus d’évaporation dont on connait la consommation en énergie.
Numerical modeling (geology)In geology, numerical modeling is a widely applied technique to tackle complex geological problems by computational simulation of geological scenarios. Numerical modeling uses mathematical models to describe the physical conditions of geological scenarios using numbers and equations. Nevertheless, some of their equations are difficult to solve directly, such as partial differential equations. With numerical models, geologists can use methods, such as finite difference methods, to approximate the solutions of these equations.
Mineral springMineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produces hard water, water that contains dissolved minerals. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underground. In this they are unlike sweet springs, which produce soft water with no noticeable dissolved gasses. The dissolved minerals may alter the water's taste. Mineral water obtained from mineral springs, and the precipitated salts such as Epsom salt have long been important commercial products.
