Structural complexity of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 as revealed by Raman spectroscopy

The structural phase diagram of the Pb-free ferroelectric (Na1/2Bi1/2)1−xBaxTiO3, x0.055, where bulk-property anomalies appear to signal a transition to a nonpolar or antiferroelectric phase. The results identify that the phase above 370 K shows short-range ionic displacements that are identical to those in the long-range-ordered phase below 370 K. These conclusions provide a natural interpretation of the weak piezoelectric response in this system and have important implications for the search for Pb-free piezoelectrics.