Membrane trafficking in neurons regulated by new syntaxin 13-interacting proteins
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The neocortex is the most computationally advanced portion of the brain. It is currently assumed to be composed of a large number of "cortical columns" – intricate arrangements of cortical neurons approximately 300-500 µm in diameter and 2-5 mm in height i ...
It is important for neurotransmission to control the number of receptors at synapses. The synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type of glutamate receptors (AMPARs) control the strength of excitatory transmission. These rece ...
Histamine is a ubiquitous brain neurotransmitter. Estrogen hormones have been shown to increase histamine effects on neurons located in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) (Kow et al, 2005a). This study has been set up to find candidate path ...
GAD65, the smaller isoform of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, synthesizes GABA for fine-tuning of inhibitory neurotransmission. GAD65 is synthesized as a soluble hydrophilic protein but undergoes a hydrophobic post-translational modification and be ...
After internalization, ubiquitinated signaling receptors are delivered to early endosomes. There, they are sorted and incorporated into the intralumenal invaginations of nascent multivesicular bodies, which function as transport intermediates to late endos ...
Valproic acid (VPA) is a powerful teratogen causing birth defects in humans, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), if exposure occurs during the first trimester of embryogenesis. Learning and memory alterations are common symptoms of ASD, but underlyin ...
Following endocytosis, ubiquitinated signaling receptors are incorporated within intraluminal vesicles of forming multivesicular endosomes. These vesicles then follow the pathway from early to late endosomes, remaining within the endosomal lumen, and are e ...
Synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connections between nerve cells, called synapses, to change in strength. The presence of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR) at the synapse controls the str ...
Despite intensive research efforts, the effects of anesthesia on brain physiology and function have not been satisfactorily explained yet. Nevertheless, from what has been discovered up to now, we can attribute the effect of the anesthetics to changes in c ...
Membrane fusion plays a key role in many biological processes including vesicle trafficking, synaptic transmission, fertilization or cell entry of enveloped viruses. As a common feature the fusion process is mediated by distinct membrane proteins. We descr ...
