Average bitrateIn telecommunications, average bitrate (ABR) refers to the average amount of data transferred per unit of time, usually measured per second, commonly for digital music or video. An MP3 file, for example, that has an average bit rate of 128 kbit/s transfers, on average, 128,000 bits every second. It can have higher bitrate and lower bitrate parts, and the average bitrate for a certain timeframe is obtained by dividing the number of bits used during the timeframe by the number of seconds in the timeframe.
H.264vignette|Le diagrame de ce système H.264, ou MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding), ou MPEG-4 Part 10, est une norme de codage vidéo développée conjointement par l'UIT-T Q.6/SG16 Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) ainsi que l'ISO/CEI Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) et est le produit d'un effort de partenariat connu sous le nom Joint Video Team (JVT). La norme UIT-T H.264 et la norme ISO/CEI MPEG-4 Part 10 (ISO/CEI 14496-10) sont techniquement identiques, et la technologie employée est aussi connue sous le nom AVC, pour Advanced Video Coding.
Real Time Streaming ProtocolRTSP ou Real Time Streaming Protocol (protocole de streaming temps-réel) est un protocole de communication de niveau applicatif (niveau 7 du modèle OSI) destiné aux systèmes de streaming média. Il permet de contrôler un serveur de média à distance, offrant des fonctionnalités typiques d'un lecteur vidéo telles que « lecture » et « pause », et permettant un accès en fonction de la position temporelle. RTSP ne transporte pas les données elles-mêmes et doit être associé à un protocole de transport comme RTP ou RDT de RealNetworks pour cette tâche.
MP3Le MPEG-1 Audio Layer ou MPEG-2 Audio Layer , plus connu sous son abréviation de MP3, est la spécification audio des standards MPEG-1 et MPEG-2. Il s'agit d'un format de compression audio avec perte permettant une réduction importante de la taille du flux de données audio, tout en conservant une qualité de restitution couramment jugée acceptable, donnant le choix du débit selon le compromis taille-qualité souhaité. C'est aussi l'un des formats de musique numérique les plus répandus. L'extension de nom de fichier est .
Adaptive bitrate streamingAdaptive bitrate streaming is a technique used in streaming multimedia over computer networks. While in the past most video or audio streaming technologies utilized streaming protocols such as RTP with RTSP, today's adaptive streaming technologies are based almost exclusively on HTTP, and are designed to work efficiently over large distributed HTTP networks. Adaptive bitrate streaming works by detecting a user's bandwidth and CPU capacity in real time, adjusting the quality of the media stream accordingly.
Video codecA video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that only decompresses is a decoder. The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format. The compression is typically lossy, meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video.
Vidéo CDLe Vidéo CD ou VCD est un format vidéo exploitant le support disque compact (CD). Tout disque vidéo CD peut être lu sur un lecteur compatible ou sur certains ordinateurs personnels (PC), ainsi que sur certains lecteurs DVD de salon. Le standard VCD est créé en 1993 par le japonais Sony, le néerlandais Philips ainsi que les japonais Matsushita et JVC. Ses spécifications sont décrites dans le White Book. Un précédent standard (le Green Book) avait été défini par Philips pour le CD-i Digital Vidéo.
List of streaming media servicesAn over-the-top media service is a streaming media service offered directly to viewers via the Internet. OTT bypasses cable, broadcast, and satellite television platforms, the companies that traditionally act as a controller or distributors of such content. Most of these services are owned by a major film studio. Some streaming services started as an add-on to Blu-ray offerings, which are supplements to the programs watched. Streaming is an alternative to file downloading, a process in which the end-user obtains the entire file(s) for the content before watching or listening to it.
Streaming televisionStreaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as television shows and films, as streaming media delivered over the Internet. Streaming television stands in contrast to dedicated terrestrial television delivered by over-the-air aerial systems, cable television, and/or satellite television systems.
Internet videoInternet video (also known as online video) is digital video that is distributed over the internet. Internet video exists in several formats, the most notable being MPEG-4i AVC, AVCHD, FLV, and . There are several online video hosting services, including YouTube, as well as Vimeo, Twitch, and Youku. In recent years, the platform of internet video has been used to stream live events. As a result of the popularity of online video, notable events like the 2012 U.S. presidential debates have been streamed live on the internet.