Graphe grilleIn graph theory, a lattice graph, mesh graph, or grid graph is a graph whose drawing, embedded in some Euclidean space \mathbb{R}^n, forms a regular tiling. This implies that the group of bijective transformations that send the graph to itself is a lattice in the group-theoretical sense. Typically, no clear distinction is made between such a graph in the more abstract sense of graph theory, and its drawing in space (often the plane or 3D space). This type of graph may more shortly be called just a lattice, mesh, or grid.
Graphe orientéthumb|Un graphe orienté .(Figure 1) Dans la théorie des graphes, un graphe orienté est un couple formé de un ensemble, appelé ensemble de nœuds et un ensemble appelé ensemble d'arêtes. Les arêtes sont alors nommées arcs, chaque arête étant un couple de noeuds, représenté par une flèche. Étant donné un arc , on dit que est l'origine (ou la source ou le départ ou le début) de et que est la cible (ou l'arrivée ou la fin) de . Le demi-degré extérieur (degré sortant) d'un nœud, noté , est le nombre d'arcs ayant ce nœud pour origine.
Third-generation programming languageA third-generation programming language (3GL) is a high-level computer programming language that tends to be more machine-independent and programmer-friendly than the machine code of the first-generation and assembly languages of the second-generation, while having a less specific focus to the fourth and fifth generations. Examples of common and historical third-generation programming languages are ALGOL, BASIC, C, COBOL, Fortran, Java, and Pascal. 3GLs are much more machine-independent and more programmer-friendly.
