Échangeur de chaleur coque et tubedroite|vignette|260x260px|Simulation de circulation de fluide dans un échangeur à tubes et calandre. L'entrée de la calandre est au fond en haut et la sortie au premier plan en bas. Un échangeur de chaleur coque et tube, ou échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre (en anglais shell and tube heat exchanger), est un type d'échangeurs de chaleur. Ce type d'échangeur de chaleur consiste en une coque (ou calandre, un grand récipient sous pression) renfermant un faisceau de tubes.
Compressed-air energy storageCompressed-air energy storage (CAES) is a way to store energy for later use using compressed air. At a utility scale, energy generated during periods of low demand can be released during peak load periods. The first utility-scale CAES project has been built in Huntorf, Germany, and is still operational. The Huntorf plant was initially developed as a load balancer for fossil fuel-generated electricity, the global shift towards renewable energy renewed interest in CAES systems, to help highly intermittent energy sources like photovoltaics and wind satisfy fluctuating electricity demands.
Resource warA resource war is a type of war caused by conflict over resources. In a resource war, there is typically a nation or group that controls the resource and an aggressor that wishes to seize control over said resource. This power dynamic between nations has been a significant underlying factor in conflicts since the late 19th century. Following the rise of industrialization, the amount of raw materials an industrialized nation uses to sustain its activities is heightened.
Natural resource economicsNatural resource economics deals with the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth's natural resources. One main objective of natural resource economics is to better understand the role of natural resources in the economy in order to develop more sustainable methods of managing those resources to ensure their availability for future generations. Resource economists study interactions between economic and natural systems, with the goal of developing a sustainable and efficient economy.
