Nombre réel calculablevignette|π est calculable avec un précision arbitraire alors que presque tous les nombres réels sont non calculables. En informatique et algorithmique, un nombre réel calculable est un réel pour lequel il existe un algorithme ou une machine de Turing permettant d'énumérer la suite de ses chiffres (éventuellement infinie), ou plus généralement des symboles de son écriture sous forme de chaîne de caractères. De manière plus générale, et équivalente, un nombre réel est calculable si on peut en calculer une approximation aussi précise que l'on veut, avec une précision connue.
Theistic evolutionTheistic evolution (also known as theistic evolutionism or God-guided evolution) is a view that God acts and creates through laws of nature. It posits that the concept of God is compatible with the findings of modern science, including evolution. Theistic evolution is not in itself a scientific theory, but includes a range of views about how science relates to religious beliefs and the extent to which God intervenes. It rejects the strict creationist doctrines of special creation, but can include beliefs such as creation of the human soul.
Nanson's methodThe Borda count electoral system can be combined with an instant-runoff procedure to create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson method and Baldwin method (also called Total Vote Runoff or TVR). Both methods are designed to satisfy the Condorcet criterion, and allow for incomplete ballots and equal rankings. The Nanson method is based on the original work of the mathematician Edward J. Nanson in 1882.
Definable real numberInformally, a definable real number is a real number that can be uniquely specified by its description. The description may be expressed as a construction or as a formula of a formal language. For example, the positive square root of 2, , can be defined as the unique positive solution to the equation , and it can be constructed with a compass and straightedge. Different choices of a formal language or its interpretation give rise to different notions of definability.
