Towards an easy carbon dioxide reduction in aqueous solution

The homogeneous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formate anion has been investigated in aqueous solution, using water soluble ruthenium(II)-phosphine (meta-monosulphonated triphenylphosphine, TPPMS; and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, PTA) complexes as catalysts. These reactions take place in amine free medium under mild conditions, bicarbonate anion is more active than carbon dioxide in the reduction. The initial turnover frequency of the reduction increases with increasing H-2 pressure, as it was observed in situ by C-13 and H-1 NMR spectroscopy. High pressure FT-IR were used to find evidence for the formation of the catalytically active ruthenium hydride species.