Vol (aéronautique)thumb|Un « plus lourd que l'air » en vol : un Boeing 787 de Royal Jordanian Airlines prêt à atterrir à Londres-Heathrow en 2015. Le vol, dans le cadre de l'aéronautique, consiste à compenser l'attraction exercée par une planète sur un aéronef afin qu'il en quitte la surface. La Terre étant pourvue d'une atmosphère, le vol est possible suivant l'une des techniques suivantes : être plus léger que l'air ambiant ; c'est le domaine des aérostats ; utiliser sa vitesse de déplacement par rapport à l'air pour créer une portance aérodynamique; c'est le domaine des aérodynes ; utiliser la réaction à une projection.
Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. A controllable-pitch propeller is one where the pitch is controlled manually by the pilot. Alternatively, a constant-speed propeller is one where the pilot sets the desired engine speed (RPM), and the blade pitch is controlled automatically without the pilot's intervention so that the rotational speed remains constant.
Hélicethumb|Hélice de navire En mécanique, l’hélice est un dispositif formé de plusieurs pales disposées régulièrement autour d’un axe. Lorsque son axe entre en rotation, ce système décrit des hélices dans un fluide en avançant perpendiculairement au plan de rotation, grâce aux pales orientées suivant un certain angle de calage qui prennent appui sur le fluide. Une hélice peut donc être motrice (transfert d’énergie vers le fluide : avion) ou réceptrice (récupération d’énergie depuis le fluide : turbine, éolienne ou aérogénérateur).
Hélice (aéronautique)thumb|Hélice d'un F4U Corsair En aéronautique, une hélice est un type d'hélice aérienne qui tourne grâce au mouvement rotatif imprimé directement ou indirectement par un moteur et qui, en accélérant vers l'arrière la masse d'air située devant elle, génère une force qui assure la propulsion de l'aéronef vers l’avant. Elle comporte au moins deux pales présentant, comme des ailes, un profil aérodynamique. La rotation d'une hélice agit sur la masse d'air qui passe à travers elle et est projetée vers l'arrière à une grande vitesse.
DC motorA DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical force. The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the coils. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor. DC motors were the first form of motors widely used, as they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems.
Induction motorAn induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type. Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial drives because they are self-starting, reliable, and economical.
Electric motorAn electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates with a reversed flow of power, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Brushed DC electric motorA brushed DC electric motor is an internally commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source and utilizing an electric brush for contact. Brushed motors were the first commercially important application of electric power to driving mechanical energy, and DC distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial buildings. Brushed DC motors can be varied in speed by changing the operating voltage or the strength of the magnetic field.
Traction motorA traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, or electric multiple unit trains. Traction motors are used in electrically powered railway vehicles (electric multiple units) and other electric vehicles including electric milk floats, trolleybuses, elevators, roller coasters, and conveyors, as well as vehicles with electrical transmission systems (diesel-electric locomotives, electric hybrid vehicles), and battery electric vehicles.
AC motorAn AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance saliency, or DC or AC electrical windings.
