StereoisomerismIn stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecular formula, but the bond connections or their order differs. By definition, molecules that are stereoisomers of each other represent the same structural isomer.
Structural alignmentStructural alignment attempts to establish homology between two or more polymer structures based on their shape and three-dimensional conformation. This process is usually applied to protein tertiary structures but can also be used for large RNA molecules. In contrast to simple structural superposition, where at least some equivalent residues of the two structures are known, structural alignment requires no a priori knowledge of equivalent positions.
XylèneLe xylène, ou diméthylbenzène, est un groupe d'hydrocarbures aromatiques dérivés méthylés du benzène. Il est représenté par trois isomères structuraux : 1,2-diméthylbenzène, 1,3-diméthylbenzène et 1,4-diméthylbenzène (appelés respectivement ortho-diméthylbenzène, méta-diméthylbenzène et para-diméthylbenzène). Le xylène technique est un mélange des trois isomères, de composition voisine de méta- (60 %), ortho- (10-25 %) et para- (10-25 %). Tout comme pour le benzène, la structure du xylène est plane.
