Clinical researchClinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease. Clinical research is different from clinical practice. In clinical practice established treatments are used, while in clinical research evidence is collected to establish a treatment.
Randomized experimentIn science, randomized experiments are the experiments that allow the greatest reliability and validity of statistical estimates of treatment effects. Randomization-based inference is especially important in experimental design and in survey sampling. In the statistical theory of design of experiments, randomization involves randomly allocating the experimental units across the treatment groups. For example, if an experiment compares a new drug against a standard drug, then the patients should be allocated to either the new drug or to the standard drug control using randomization.
AttelleUne attelle est un dispositif destiné à contenir un membre ou une articulation. Les attelles sont utilisées principalement lors d'atteinte ou suspicion d'atteinte traumatique (choc, coup, chute, faux mouvement). Elles se portent également après que le diagnostic médical est posé, notamment dans les cas de rhumatisme pour mettre au repos l'articulation, de tendinite, de fracture, de sutures tendineuses, de flexum pour gagner une plus grande amplitude articulaire. L'indication du port d'une attelle peut être très diversifiée.
Internal and external anglesIn geometry, an angle of a polygon is formed by two adjacent sides. For a simple (non-self-intersecting) polygon, regardless of whether it is convex or non-convex, this angle is called an (or interior angle) if a point within the angle is in the interior of the polygon. A polygon has exactly one internal angle per vertex. If every internal angle of a simple polygon is less than a straight angle (π radians or 180°), then the polygon is called convex.
Transversal (geometry)In geometry, a transversal is a line that passes through two lines in the same plane at two distinct points. Transversals play a role in establishing whether two or more other lines in the Euclidean plane are parallel. The intersections of a transversal with two lines create various types of pairs of angles: consecutive interior angles, consecutive exterior angles, corresponding angles, and alternate angles. As a consequence of Euclid's parallel postulate, if the two lines are parallel, consecutive interior angles are supplementary, corresponding angles are equal, and alternate angles are equal.
Soyouz (véhicule spatial)vignette|Un lanceur Soyouz en position pour lancer un vaisseau Soyouz. vignette|Le vaisseau Soyouz vaisseau de sauvetage de la station spatiale internationale. Soyouz (du russe Союз, « Union ») désigne une famille de vaisseaux spatiaux habités soviétiques, puis russes après l'éclatement de l'URSS, conçue au début des années 1960. Le vaisseau Soyouz est, depuis 1967, le seul véhicule spatial mis en œuvre par l'astronautique russe pour placer en orbite des cosmonautes.
