Piezoelectric properties of perovskite ferroelectrics: Unsolved problems and future research
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The large piezoelectric effect of ferroelectric ceramics is utilized in many devices for sensing and actuating purposes. In this paper, the longitudinal direct piezoelectric effect in ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate, lead titanate, barium titanat ...
The domain nucleation and growth during the switching process in ferroelectric PZT thin film capacitors was observed using atomic force microscope (AFM) technique combined with a lock-in amplifier. The measured phase difference between the tip vibration si ...
The domain nucleation and growth during polarization switching in Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) ferroelectric thin film capacitors with Pt top (TE) and bottom electrodes (BE) were studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental configuration used ...
We have studied deposition by in-situ reactive sputtering of ferroelectric Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) thin films on Pt and RuO2 electrodes, using temperatures in the 490-620°C range. Nucleation on the electrode was found to be of prime importance for the formati ...
The contribution from the irreversible displacement of non-180 degrees domain walls to the direct longitudinal piezoelectric d(33) coefficient of BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 ceramics was determined quantitatively by using the Rayleigh law. Effects of the cryst ...
The longitudinal d(33) piezoelectric coefficient was studied in rhombohedral Pb(Zr0.6Ti0.4)O-3 thin films with (111), (100), and "random" orientation. The largest d(33) was found in (100)-oriented films and the smallest along the polarization direction in ...
The electronic ground state of a periodic crystalline solid is usually described in terms of extended Bloch orbitals; localized Wannier functions can alternatively be used. These two representations are connected by families of unitary transformations, car ...
