Double couche électriqueLa double couche électrique est un modèle décrivant la variation du potentiel électrique aux abords d'une surface. Elle intervient principalement lors de l'étude du comportement des colloïdes et des surfaces en contact avec des solutions. L'épaisseur de la double couche électrique est appelée longueur de Debye. Le modèle initial de la double couche électrique est attribué à Helmholtz (1879). Mathématiquement, il a simplement assimilé la double couche à un condensateur, en se basant sur un modèle physique dans lequel une couche d'ions est adsorbée à la surface.
Spectroscopie diélectriqueDielectric spectroscopy (which falls in a subcategory of impedance spectroscopy) measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency. It is based on the interaction of an external field with the electric dipole moment of the sample, often expressed by permittivity. It is also an experimental method of characterizing electrochemical systems. This technique measures the impedance of a system over a range of frequencies, and therefore the frequency response of the system, including the energy storage and dissipation properties, is revealed.
Transparent conducting filmTransparent conducting films (TCFs) are thin films of optically transparent and electrically conductive material. They are an important component in a number of electronic devices including liquid-crystal displays, OLEDs, touchscreens and photovoltaics. While indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most widely used, alternatives include wider-spectrum transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), conductive polymers, metal grids and random metallic networks, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, nanowire meshes and ultra thin metal films.
Planetary boundary layerIn meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence) and vertical mixing is strong.
Surface chargeA surface charge is an electric charge present on a two-dimensional surface. These electric charges are constrained on this 2-D surface, and surface charge density, measured in coulombs per square meter (C•m−2), is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface. The electric potential is continuous across a surface charge and the electric field is discontinuous, but not infinite; this is unless the surface charge consists of a dipole layer. In comparison, the potential and electric field both diverge at any point charge or linear charge.
Static electricityStatic electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material or between materials. The charge remains until it is able to move away by means of an electric current or electrical discharge. Static electricity is named in contrast with current electricity, where the electric charge flows through an electrical conductor or space, and transmits energy. A static electric charge can be created whenever two surfaces contact and or slide against each other and then separated.
Réseau métallo-organiquevignette|Exemple de MOF avec différents ligands organiques. Les réseaux métallo-organiques (MOF, pour l'anglais metal–organic framework) sont des solides poreux hybrides cristallins constitués d'ions métalliques ou de clusters coordonnés à des ligands organiques pour former des structures en une, deux ou trois dimensions. Les MOF présentent notamment une surface spécifique très élevée du fait de leur structure nanoporeuse. Les MOF sont nommés selon leur lieu de découverte suivi d’un numéro d’incrémentation, par exemple MIL-101 pour Matériaux Institut Lavoisier , ou UiO-66.
